Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to optimise oxygenation in anaesthetised horses–a clinical study.
Abstract: Hypoxaemia is a common problem during equine anaesthesia. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a ventilation mode routinely employed in man to overcome hypoxaemia but has not been objectively assessed in horses. Objective: To test the effects of CPAP on oxygenation and its indices in anaesthetised horses in a clinical setting. Methods: Twenty-four healthy horses requiring anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency were anaesthetised using a standard protocol. Following orotracheal intubation and connection to an anaesthetic machine capable of applying CPAP, horses were randomly allocated to ventilate at physiological airway pressure measured at the airway opening (Group PAP) or to receive CPAP of 8 cmH2O (Group CPAP). Arterial blood gas analysis was performed as soon as arterial cannulation was achieved and 30, 60 and 90 min after induction. If PaCO2 increased above 9.31 kPa controlled ventilation was initiated. Groups were compared using a general linear model. Results: Horses receiving CPAP had significantly higher PaO2 and calculated oxygen indices than horses receiving PAP. No significant differences in ventilation indices were observed between the 2 groups. Eight horses receiving PAP and 5 receiving CPAP required controlled ventilation. No differences in dobutamine requirements or mean arterial pressures were recorded. Conclusions: Continuous positive airway pressure of 8 cmH2O improved oxygenation indices in dorsally recumbent horses without significantly influencing ventilation. Conclusions: Continuous positive airway pressure reduces the incidence of hypoxaemia in anaesthetised horses. Further research is warranted to elucidate the effects of CPAP on the cardiovascular system.
© 2012 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2012-12-19 PubMed ID: 23253053DOI: 10.1111/evj.12011Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research investigates the effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on the oxygenation levels in anaesthetised horses, finding that it improves oxygenation without significantly affecting ventilation, and reduces the occurrence of low oxygen levels.
Objective and Methodology
- The primary objective of this research was to examine the effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on oxygenation levels in anaesthetised horses.
- 24 healthy horses that required anaesthesia were part of this study. Following intubation, the horses were connected to an anaesthetic machine capable of applying CPAP.
- The horses were randomly split into two groups: Group PAP (Physiological Airway Pressure), where horses were ventilated at the pressure measured at the airway opening, and Group CPAP, where horses were given a standard CPAP of 8 cmH2O.
- Arterial blood gas analysis was conducted at the start of the study and then at 30 minute intervals till the 90th minute.
- If the levels of PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) exceeded a specified threshold, controlled ventilation was initiated.
Results
- The findings revealed that the horses in the CPAP group had significantly higher levels of PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) and calculated oxygen indices, compared to their counterparts in the PAP group.
- However, there were no significant disparities in the ventilation indices between the two groups.
- Eight horses in the PAP group and five in the CPAP group needed controlled ventilation due to increased levels of PaCO2.
- Also, no significant difference was recorded in the dobutamine requirements or average arterial pressures between the groups.
Conclusions
- In conclusion, the application of the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at 8 cmH2O significantly improved oxygenation indices in horses that were dorsally recumbent, without significantly affecting ventilation.
- Additionally, CPAP reduced the incidence of hypoxaemia or low oxygen levels in anaesthetised horses, suggesting it could be an effective method to optimize oxygenation in equine anaesthesia.
- However, the study also suggests the need for further investigation due to the potential effects of CPAP on the cardiovascular system.
Cite This Article
APA
Mosing M, Rysnik M, Bardell D, Cripps PJ, MacFarlane P.
(2012).
Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to optimise oxygenation in anaesthetised horses–a clinical study.
Equine Vet J, 45(4), 414-418.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12011 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. mmosing@vetclinics.uzh.ch
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, General / veterinary
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Oxygen / administration & dosage
- Oxygen / blood
- Partial Pressure
- Respiratory Function Tests / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Sacks M, Raidal S, Catanchin CSM, Hosgood G, Mosing M. Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1075791.
- Tucker L, Almeida D, Wendt-Hornickle E, Baldo CF, Allweiler S, Guedes AGP. Effect of 15° Reverse Trendelenburg Position on Arterial Oxygen Tension during Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 1;12(3).
- Raidal SL, Catanchin CSM, Burgmeestre L, Quinn CT. Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure for Non-invasive Respiratory Support of Foals. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:741720.
- Donnelly CG, Quinn CT, Nielsen SG, Raidal SL. Respiratory Support for Pharmacologically Induced Hypoxia in Neonatal Calves. Vet Med Int 2016;2016:2129362.
- Bukoski A, Downs J, Hodgson DS, Le-Bert CR, Thomen R, Flors L, Thombs L, Bailey J. Cardiopulmonary effects of apneustic anesthesia ventilation in anesthetized pigs: a new mode of ventilation for anesthetized veterinary species. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1378617.
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