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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Use of quantitative real-time PCR to determine the local inf...
Equine veterinary journal2021; 54(1); 52-62; doi: 10.1111/evj.13429

Use of quantitative real-time PCR to determine the local inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa and muscularis of horses undergoing small intestinal resection.

Abstract: Studies in rodents and humans have demonstrated that intestinal manipulation or surgical trauma initiates an inflammatory response in the intestine which results in leucocyte recruitment to the muscularis externa causing smooth muscle dysfunction. Objective: To examine the intestinal inflammatory response in horses undergoing colic surgery by measuring relative differential gene expression in intestinal tissues harvested from surgical colic cases and control horses. Methods: Prospective case-control study. Methods: Mucosa and muscularis externa were harvested from healthy margins of resected small intestine from horses undergoing colic surgery (n = 12) and from intestine derived from control horses euthanised for reasons unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract (n = 6). Tissue was analysed for genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory response: interleukin (IL) 6 and IL1β, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1). Relative expression of these genes was compared between the two groups. Further analysis was applied to the colic cases to determine whether the magnitude of relative gene expression was associated with the subsequent development of post-operative reflux (POR). Results: Samples obtained from colic cases had increased relative expression of IL1β, IL6, CCL2 and TNF in the mucosa and muscularis externa when compared with the control group. There was no difference in relative gene expression between proximal and distal resection margins and no association between duration of colic, age, resection length, short-term survival and the presence of pre-operative reflux and the relative expression of the genes of interest. Horses that developed POR had significantly greater relative gene expression of TNF in the mucosa compared with horses that did not develop POR. Conclusions: Small sample size per group and variation within the colic cases. Conclusions: These preliminary data support an upregulation of inflammatory genes in the intestine of horses undergoing colic surgery.
© 2021 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-10 PubMed ID: 33524178DOI: 10.1111/evj.13429Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research conducted explores the inflammatory response in horses who have undergone colic surgery. Through analyzing gene expression related to inflammation, the study uncovers an increase in certain inflammatory genes in horses post-surgery compared to those who haven’t undergone surgery.

Objective of the Research

  • The goal of the study was to examine the inflammatory response in horses undergoing colic surgery by observing differential gene expression in intestinal tissues from surgical colic cases and control horses who were euthanized due to issues unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract.

Research Methodology

  • As part of a prospective case-control study, mucosa and muscularis externa were collected from the healthy margins of resected small intestine from 12 horses undergoing colic surgery.
  • Similar tissue samples were also obtained from six control horses.
  • The tissues were analyzed for genes that code for proteins that play an integral role in the inflammatory response. These included interleukin (IL) 6 and IL1β, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1).
  • Comparisons of the relative gene expression of these genes were made between the two groups of horses.
  • The study further examined the colic cases to understand whether the extent of relative gene expression correlated with the future development of post-operative reflux (POR).

Research Findings

  • The research revealed increased relative expression of IL1β, IL6, CCL2, and TNF in the mucosa and muscularis externa in colic cases compared to the control group.
  • No difference in relative gene expression was observed between proximal and distal resection margins nor was there any relationship between the duration of colic, age, resection length, short-term survival or presence of pre-operative reflux and the relative expression of the aforementioned genes.
  • Nevertheless, horses that did develop POR had a significantly greater relative gene expression of TNF in the mucosa compared to horses that did not develop POR.

Conclusions

  • The conclusions drawn from the study cite a small sample size per group and variation within the colic cases as some of its limitations.
  • Despite these limitations, the study generates preliminary evidence that there’s upregulation of inflammatory genes in the intestine of horses that have undergone colic surgery.

Cite This Article

APA
Lisowski ZM, Lefevre L, Mair TS, Clark EL, Hudson NPH, Hume DA, Pirie RS. (2021). Use of quantitative real-time PCR to determine the local inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa and muscularis of horses undergoing small intestinal resection. Equine Vet J, 54(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13429

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 1
Pages: 52-62

Researcher Affiliations

Lisowski, Zofia M
  • The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK.
Lefevre, Lucas
  • The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK.
Mair, Tim S
  • The Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, UK.
Clark, Emily L
  • The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK.
Hudson, Neil P H
  • The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK.
Hume, David A
  • Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Pirie, R Scott
  • The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Horses
  • Intestinal Mucosa
  • Intestines
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • RS253 / Horserace Betting Levy Board

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