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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2019; 83(1); 24-33;

Use of standard diagnostic techniques to determine eradication of infection in experimental equine septic arthritis.

Abstract: Septic arthritis is an important disease in horses, necessitating aggressive and prolonged therapy. In order to guide therapy, reliable methods of detecting the eradication of infection are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate detection of eradication of infection in an experimental model of equine septic arthritis using standard diagnostic techniques. For this purpose, 17 adult horses were assigned to 3 experimental groups. The middle carpal joint of each horse was injected with (Septic group, = 8), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (LPS group, = 6), or sterile saline (Control group, = 3) at day 0. Contralateral joints were not injected. Standard therapy was applied to all joints except non-injected joints in the Control group at day 1. Sequential samples of synovial fluid (SF) were collected for bacterial culture using 3 culture media [Columbia blood agar (CBA), brain heart infusion broth (BHI), and Signal blood culture medium] and for cytological evaluation [percentage neutrophils (PN), total nucleated cell count (TNCC), and total protein (TP)]. -specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to detect DNA in synovial fluid. Culture and PCR were positive for in all joints injected with at day 1 and 1 joint was positive on BHI at day 4. Based on the results of bacterial culture, PCR, and TNCC, the elimination of infection in our experimental model occurred by day 4 post-infection in 6 out of 7 cases. Total protein (TP) and PN remained elevated at clinical threshold used for diagnosis of septic arthritis until day 14. In our experimental model of -induced arthritis, we conclude that TP and PN may not be good indicators for detecting the eradication of bacterial infection caused by from infected and subsequently treated joints. L’arthrite septique est une pathologie importante chez les chevaux, nécessitant une thérapie agressive et prolongée. Afin de guider la thérapie, des méthodes fiables pour détecter l’éradication de l’infection sont requises. Ainsi, l’objectif de la présente étude était d’examiner la détection de l’éradication de l’infection dans un modèle expérimental d’arthrite septique équine en utilisant des techniques diagnostiques standards. À cet effet, 17 chevaux adultes ont été assignés à trois groupes expérimentaux. L’articulation carpienne moyenne de chaque cheval a été injectée avec (groupe septique, = 8), du lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (groupe LPS, = 6), ou de la saline stérile (groupe témoin, = 3) au jour 0. Les articulations contra-latérales n’ont pas été injectées. Au jour 1, une thérapie standard fut appliquée à toutes les articulations sauf les articulations non-injectées dans le groupe témoin. De manière séquentielle des échantillons de liquide synovial (LS) furent prélevés pour culture bactérienne en utilisant trois milieux de culture [gélose au sang Columbia (CBA), bouillon coeur-cerveau (BHI), et hémoculture Signal] et pour évaluation cytologique [pourcentage de neutrophiles (PN), dénombrement total de cellules nucléées (DTCN), et la quantité de protéines totales (PT)]. Une réaction d’amplification en chaîne par la polymérase (ACP) spécifique à a été réalisée afin de détecter l’ADN d’ dans le LS. La culture et l’ACP étaient positives pour dans toutes les articulations injectées avec au jour 1 et une articulation était positive avec le BHI au jour 4. Sur la base des résultats des cultures bactériennes, de l’ACP, et du DTCN, l’élimination de l’infection dans notre modèle expérimental est survenue au jour 4 post-infection dans 6 des 7 cas. Les valeurs de PT et de PN sont demeurées élevées au seuil clinique utilisé pour diagnostiquer une arthrite septique jusqu’au jour 14. Dans notre modèle expérimental d’arthrite induite par E. coli, nous concluons que les valeurs de PT et de PN ne seraient pas de bons indicateurs pour détecter l’éradication de l’infection bactérienne causée par dans des articulations infectées et subséquemment traitées.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
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Publication Date: 2019-01-24 PubMed ID: 30670899PubMed Central: PMC6318826
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates how standard diagnostic techniques can be utilized to detect the eradication of septic arthritis in horses. The study concludes that Total Protein and Percentage Neutrophils might not serve as good indicators for detecting the elimination of bacterial infection in joints that were earlier infected and treated.

Research Objective and Methodology

  • The primary objective of this research was to evaluate how well standard diagnostic methods can detect the eradication of septic arthritis infection in horses.
  • 17 adult horses were designated into three experimental groups for this purpose. The mid-carpal joint of each horse was injected with different substances based on their experimental group: septic bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or sterile saline at the start of the experiment.
  • Standard therapy was administered to all joints except the non-injected joints in the control group on the following day.
  • Samples of synovial fluid (SF) were collected sequentially. These samples were used for bacterial culture on three culture media and cytological evaluation, including the observation of neutrophils, the total nucleated cell count, and total protein.

Results and Findings

  • Testing and culture confirmed the presence of septic bacteria in all joints injected with the bacteria on the first day, and one joint tested positive for bacterial infection on the fourth day.
  • The study revealed that the elimination of infection in the experimental model transpired by the fourth day post-infection in six out of seven cases. This was inferred from the results of bacterial culture, PCR results, and total nucleated cell count analysis.
  • However, the Total Protein (TP) and the Percentage Neutrophils (PN) remained elevated at a clinical threshold used for diagnosing septic arthritis until the fourteenth day.

Conclusion

  • The study concludes that, in the experimental model of septic arthritis in horses, Total Protein (TP) and Percentage Neutrophils (PN) may not be accurate indicators for detecting the eradication of bacterial infection caused by septic bacteria in infected and subsequently treated joints.

Cite This Article

APA
Koziy RV, Yoshimura S, Dickinson R, Rybicka JM, Moshynskyy I, Ngeleka M, Bracamonte JL, Simko E. (2019). Use of standard diagnostic techniques to determine eradication of infection in experimental equine septic arthritis. Can J Vet Res, 83(1), 24-33.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 83
Issue: 1
Pages: 24-33

Researcher Affiliations

Koziy, Roman V
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Yoshimura, Seiji
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Dickinson, Ryan
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Rybicka, Joanna M
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Moshynskyy, Igor
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Ngeleka, Musangu
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Bracamonte, Jose L
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Simko, Elemir
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Rybicka, Moshynskyy, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, Bracamonte), and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. (Ngeleka), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Arthritis, Infectious / diagnosis
  • Arthritis, Infectious / drug therapy
  • Arthritis, Infectious / microbiology
  • Arthritis, Infectious / veterinary
  • Bacteriological Techniques
  • Escherichia coli / isolation & purification
  • Escherichia coli Infections / diagnosis
  • Escherichia coli Infections / drug therapy
  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
  • Gentamicins / administration & dosage
  • Gentamicins / therapeutic use
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Injections, Intra-Articular
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
  • Synovial Fluid / microbiology

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Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Vajs T, Nekouei O, Biermann NM. A Descriptive Study of the Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome of Horses with Acute Soft Tissue Trauma of the Tarsus and the Association with Synovial Involvement. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 21;12(4).
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  2. Haralambus R, Florczyk A, Sigl E, Gültekin S, Vogl C, Brandt S, Schnierer M, Gamerith C, Jenner F. Detection of synovial sepsis in horses using enzymes as biomarkers. Equine Vet J 2022 May;54(3):513-522.
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  3. Yoshimura S, Koziy RV, Dickinson R, Moshynskyy I, McKenzie JA, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Use of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid to detect eradication of infection in experimental septic arthritis in horses. Can J Vet Res 2020 Jul;84(3):198-204.
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  4. Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2025 Jan;37(1):42-54.
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  5. Koziy RV, Bracamonte JL, Katselis GS, Udenze D, Hayat S, Hammond SA, Simko E. Putative mRNA Biomarkers for the Eradication of Infection in an Equine Experimental Model of Septic Arthritis. Vet Sci 2024 Jul 2;11(7).
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