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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Anim Sci / Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and ...
Journal of animal science2005; 83(4); 879-889; doi: 10.2527/2005.834879x

Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats.

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential for using blood urea N concentration to predict urinary N excretion rate, and to develop a mathematical model to estimate important variables of N utilization for several different species of farm animals and for rats. Treatment means (n = 251) from 41 research publications were used to develop mathematical relationships. There was a strong linear relationship between blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) and rate of N excretion (g x d(-1) x kg BW(-1)) for all animal species investigated. The N clearance rate of the kidney (L of blood cleared of urea x d(-1) x kg BW(-1)) was greater for pigs and rats than for herbivores (cattle, sheep, goats, horses). A model was developed to estimate parameters of N utilization. Driving variables for the model included blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL), BW (kg), milk production rate (kg/d), and ADG (kg/d), and response variables included urinary N excretion rate (g/d), fecal N excretion rate (g/d), rate of N intake (g/d), and N utilization efficiency (N in milk and gain per unit of N intake). Prediction errors varied widely depending on the variable and species of animal, with most of the variation attributed to study differences. Blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be used to predict relative differences in urinary N excretion rate (g/d) for animals of a similar type and stage of production within a study, but is less reliable across animal types or studies. Blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be further integrated with estimates of N digestibility (g/g) and N retention (g/d) to predict fecal N (g/d), N intake (g/d), and N utilization efficiency (grams of N in milk and meat per gram of N intake). Target values of blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be backcalculated from required dietary N (g/d) and expected protein digestibility. Blood urea N can be used in various animal species to quantify N utilization and excretion rates.
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Publication Date: 2005-03-09 PubMed ID: 15753344DOI: 10.2527/2005.834879xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focuses on using blood urea nitrogen concentration to forecast the rate of urinary nitrogen excretion and to build a mathematical model to estimate key variables of nitrogen utilization in several types of farm animals and rats.

Research Methodology

  • The research aimed to assess the possibility of using blood urea N concentration as a predictor of the rate of urinary nitrogen excretion and also to construct a mathematical model to estimate key parameters of nitrogen utilization for different species of farm animals and rats.
  • The study utilized means data extracted from 41 research publications. A total of 251 treatment means were used to design mathematical relationships.
  • The investigation found a strong linear relationship between the urea N concentration in the blood and the rate of nitrogen excretion across all types of animals studied.
  • The research also found that the nitrogen clearance rate within the kidney was higher in pigs and rats than in herbivores like sheep, horses, goats, and cattle.

Model Development and Results

  • A model was developed with driving variables such as: blood urea N concentration, Body Weight (BW), milk production rate, and Average Daily Gain (ADG).
  • The response variables for this model included urinary nitrogen excretion rate, fecal nitrogen excretion rate, rate of nitrogen intake, and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
  • Prediction errors varied significantly depending upon the variable and the species of the creature, with most of the variations attributed to differences in individual studies.
  • The study demonstrated that blood urea N concentration can be used to predict relative differences in the urinary nitrogen excretion rate for animals of a similar type and stage of production within a study, but this measure was found to be less reliable across different animal types or studies.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The concentration of urea N in the blood can be further integrated with estimates of nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention to forecast fecal nitrogen, nitrogen intake, and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
  • The study suggested that target values of blood urea N concentration can be backcalculated from necessary dietary nitrogen and expected protein digestibility.
  • In conclusion, blood urea nitrogen can be used to quantify nitrogen utilization and excretion rates in various animal species, providing a valuable tool for animal nutrition and environmental management.

Cite This Article

APA
Kohn RA, Dinneen MM, Russek-Cohen E. (2005). Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats. J Anim Sci, 83(4), 879-889. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.834879x

Publication

Journal of animal science
ISSN: 1525-3163
NlmUniqueID: 8003002
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 83
Issue: 4
Pages: 879-889

Researcher Affiliations

Kohn, R A
  • Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA. rkohn@umd.edu
Dinneen, M M
    Russek-Cohen, E

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Animals, Domestic / physiology
      • Blood Urea Nitrogen
      • Cattle
      • Dietary Proteins / metabolism
      • Digestion / physiology
      • Goats
      • Horses
      • Mammals / physiology
      • Metabolic Clearance Rate
      • Models, Biological
      • Nitrogen / metabolism
      • Nitrogen / pharmacokinetics
      • Nitrogen / urine
      • Rats
      • Regression Analysis
      • Sheep
      • Swine
      • Time Factors

      Citations

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