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Biomaterials1995; 16(3); 251-258; doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)92125-p

Validation of the shrinkage temperature of animal tissue for bioprosthetic heart valve application by differential scanning calorimetry.

Abstract: Shrinkage temperature is most often used to report the degree of cross-linking in glutaraldehyde-fixed animal tissue for use in bioprosthetic heart valve fabrication. Present practice utilizes the measurement of hydrothermal shrinkage observed when a sample is subjected to a temperature programme. This measurement at best gives a general indication of the efficiency of the treatment, i.e. the extent of cross-linking in the tissue. When differential scanning calorimetry has been used, the ambiguity arising from the scant reporting of the protocols used does not permit easy comparison of experimental results. This report addresses the considerations necessary to obtain optimum results in the differential scanning calorimetry experiment for the determination of shrinkage temperature in biological tissue. The shrinkage temperature of two previously unreported tissue types, porcine pericardium and equine pericardium, are provided and compared with those of bovine pericardium and porcine aortic valve leaflets.
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Publication Date: 1995-02-01 PubMed ID: 7749003DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)92125-pGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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This research investigates a better method of measuring the extent of cross-linking in glutaraldehyde-fixed animal tissue used in bioprosthetic heart valve production, using differential scanning calorimetry, and tests the method on two previously unreported tissue types, porcine pericardium and equine pericardium.

Background

  • Shrinkage temperature is commonly used to denote the level of cross-linking in glutaraldehyde-fixed animal tissue used for developing bioprosthetic heart valves. Cross-linking refers to the process where polymer chains are linked together, which is essential for the tissue’s mechanical stability and bio-function.
  • Current techniques measure hydrothermal shrinkage when a tissue sample is exposed to certain temperature regimes, which provides an overview of the treatment’s effectiveness, specifically the level of cross-linking in the tissue.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a thermoanalytical technique used to measure the amount of energy absorbed or released by a sample when it is heated or cooled, has been used in this context. However, due to vague reporting of protocols used in DSC, it is difficult to compare experimental outcomes.

Purpose and Methodology

  • The focus of the study is to provide methodology considerations required to get the most accurate results in determining shrinkage temperature in biological tissue using DSC. These considerations may help in standardizing the experimental protocols and comparing results more accurately.
  • Moreover, the study also ventures into reporting shrinkage temperatures of two new types of tissues: porcine pericardium and equine pericardium, drawing comparisons with known results from bovine pericardium and porcine aortic valve leaflets.

Implications

  • The results should help improve the quality of bioprosthetic heart valves and reduce discrepancies in research results by providing a standardized protocol for DSC in measuring shrinkage temperatures.
  • Exploring new types of tissues for heart valve application could potentially broaden the possible sources or improve the effectiveness of these bioprosthetic valves.

Cite This Article

APA
Loke WK, Khor E. (1995). Validation of the shrinkage temperature of animal tissue for bioprosthetic heart valve application by differential scanning calorimetry. Biomaterials, 16(3), 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(95)92125-p

Publication

Biomaterials
ISSN: 0142-9612
NlmUniqueID: 8100316
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 251-258

Researcher Affiliations

Loke, W K
  • Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore.
Khor, E

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Aortic Valve / chemistry
    • Aortic Valve / metabolism
    • Aortic Valve / ultrastructure
    • Bioprosthesis / standards
    • Calibration
    • Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
    • Cattle
    • Computer Simulation
    • Cross-Linking Reagents / chemistry
    • Glutaral / chemistry
    • Heart Valve Prosthesis / standards
    • Horses
    • Pericardium / chemistry
    • Pericardium / metabolism
    • Pericardium / ultrastructure
    • Swine
    • Temperature
    • Tissue Fixation

    Citations

    This article has been cited 9 times.
    1. Zakharchenko A, Rock CA, Thomas TE, Keeney S, Hall EJ, Takano H, Krieger AM, Ferrari G, Levy RJ. Inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation and serum protein infiltration in bioprosthetic heart valve leaflets: Investigations of anti-glycation agents and anticalcification interactions with ethanol pretreatment. Biomaterials 2022 Oct;289:121782.
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      doi: 10.1039/C3TB20720Jpubmed: 27398214google scholar: lookup
    4. Takaoka A, Babar N, Hogan J, Kim M, Price MO, Price FW Jr, Trokel SL, Paik DC. An Evaluation of Lysyl Oxidase-Derived Cross-Linking in Keratoconus by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016 Jan 1;57(1):126-36.
      doi: 10.1167/iovs.15-18105pubmed: 26780316google scholar: lookup
    5. Thanikaivelan P, Narayanan NT, Pradhan BK, Ajayan PM. Collagen based magnetic nanocomposites for oil removal applications. Sci Rep 2012;2:230.
      doi: 10.1038/srep00230pubmed: 22355744google scholar: lookup
    6. Khor E, Wee A, Feng TC, Goh DC. Glutaraldehyde-fixed biological tissue calcification: effectiveness of mitigation by dimethylsulphoxide. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1998 Jan;9(1):39-45.
      doi: 10.1023/a:1008830611303pubmed: 15348700google scholar: lookup
    7. Yu X, Ding J, He Y, Wei S, Chen X, Luo Q, Zhang Y, Qian C, Wang J, Hu M, Zhang X, Lu C, Liu J, Zhou J. Porcine pericardium crosslinked with POSS-PEG-CHO possesses weakened immunogenicity and anti-calcification property. Mater Today Bio 2025 Jun;32:101677.
      doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101677pubmed: 40242484google scholar: lookup
    8. Breitenstein-Attach A, Steitz M, Sun X, Hao Y, Kiekenap J, Emeis J, Tuladhar SR, Berger F, Schmitt B. In Vitro Comparison of a Closed and Semi-closed Leaflet Design for Adult and Pediatric Transcatheter Heart Valves. Ann Biomed Eng 2024 Aug;52(8):2051-2064.
      doi: 10.1007/s10439-024-03502-3pubmed: 38615078google scholar: lookup
    9. Steitz M, Zouhair S, Khan MB, Breitenstein-Attach A, Fritsch K, Tuladhar SR, Wulsten D, Wolkers WF, Sun X, Hao Y, Emeis J, Lange HE, Berger F, Schmitt B. A Glutaraldehyde-Free Crosslinking Method for the Treatment of Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Clinical Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023 Oct 25;10(11).
      doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10111247pubmed: 38002371google scholar: lookup
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