Vascular hamartoma in horse limbs: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of two case studies.
Abstract: Vascular hamartoma is an abnormal development of endothelial tissue that rarely affects horses. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, yet the presence of abnormal vascular structures must be carefully differentiated from other vascular anomalies and neoplasms. This report describes two cases of vascular proliferation affecting the skin on the lateral side over the left tarsus and the dorsolateral region over the fetlock joint of two fillies. The clinical history, presentation, and radiographic and sonographic findings in both patients suggested a neoplasm of unknown origin. Surgical excision of the mass was successfully performed in both patients. In one patient, a second surgery was performed six months after the first surgery because of the recurrence of the mass. Histopathological examination revealed a disorganized proliferation of well-differentiated, tortuous, and varied-sized blood vessels hemmed in myxoid tissue with abundant fibrocollagenous bands. Immunohistochemical examination of the endothelium markers factor VIII and ERG revealed positive staining of the mass samples in both cases, confirming their vascular origin. The combination of these markers was effective, providing a reliable option for differentiating vascular proliferation in horses. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report applying the ERG endothelial marker to horse vascular malformations.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Publication Date: 2024-11-15 PubMed ID: 39546070PubMed Central: 4542182DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10601-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research paper focuses on two case studies involving vascular hamartoma, a rare form of abnormal growth of endothelial tissue, in horses. The paper examines the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment processes of these cases, while emphasizing on the ability to differentiate this condition from other vascular issues.
Case Presentation
- The article presents two instances of horses with vascular proliferation. The abnormal growth affected the skin on the left tarsus’ lateral side and the dorsolateral region over the fetlock joint.
- Both cases had a clinical history, presentation, and radiographic and sonographic findings that hinted at a neoplasm of unknown origin.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Surgical excision was the treatment method used to remove the growth in both cases.
- One horse required a second surgery six months after the first procedure due to recurrence of the mass.
- The definitive diagnosis was achieved through histopathological examination. This exposed a disorganized growth of well-differentiated, varied-sized blood vessels enclosed in myxoid tissue with multiple fibrocollagenous bands.
Immunohistochemical Examination
- Immunohistochemical studies using endothelium markers – factor VIII and ERG – were conducted. These tests showed positive staining of the mass samples in both cases, verifying their vascular origin.
- The researchers found the combination of these markers effective and reliable for distinguishing vascular proliferation in horses.
Significance and Novel Application
- This research is groundbreaking because, to the authors’ knowledge, it’s the first time the ERG endothelial marker has been applied to horse vascular malformations.
- These case studies contribute new insights to the body of knowledge concerning vascular anomalies in horses, and could potentially guide future treatments and diagnosis procedures.
Cite This Article
APA
Apolonio EVP, Gobbo LL, Woiblet NG, Dinau FC, Pyles MS, Ferrari LC, de Moura Alonso J, Alves ALG.
(2024).
Vascular hamartoma in horse limbs: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of two case studies.
Vet Res Commun, 49(1), 8.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10601-y Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. e.apolonio@unesp.br.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Londrina State University - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Veterinary Clinic School of Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. ana.liz@unesp.br.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Hamartoma / veterinary
- Hamartoma / surgery
- Hamartoma / diagnosis
- Hamartoma / pathology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / surgery
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Female
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no competing interests. The study described in this manuscript involved the use of non-experimental horses. The owners have provided consent for veterinary clinical care for the individual patient at the São Paulo State University —School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ/UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil, and for the publication of their pet’s data. Therefore, ethical approval from a committee was not specifically required for publication.
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