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Journal of virology2013; 87(10); 5447-5460; doi: 10.1128/JVI.03462-12

Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicon particles can induce rapid protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Abstract: We have previously shown that delivery of the porcine type I interferon gene (poIFN-α/β) with a replication-defective human adenovirus vector (adenovirus 5 [Ad5]) can sterilely protect swine challenged with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 1 day later. However, the need of relatively high doses of Ad5 limits the applicability of such a control strategy in the livestock industry. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) empty replicon particles (VRPs) can induce rapid protection of mice against either homologous or, in some cases, heterologous virus challenge. As an alternative approach to induce rapid protection against FMDV, we have examined the ability of VRPs containing either the gene for green fluorescent protein (VRP-GFP) or poIFN-α (VRP-poIFN-α) to block FMDV replication in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment of swine or bovine cell lines with either VRP significantly inhibited subsequent infection with FMDV as early as 6 h after treatment and for at least 120 h posttreatment. Furthermore, mice pretreated with either 10(7) or 10(8) infectious units of VRP-GFP and challenged with a lethal dose of FMDV 24 h later were protected from death. Protection was induced as early as 6 h after treatment and lasted for at least 48 h and correlated with induction of an antiviral response and production of IFN-α. By 6 h after treatment several genes were upregulated, and the number of genes and the level of induction increased at 24 h. Finally, we demonstrated that the chemokine IP-10, which is induced by IFN-α and VRP-GFP, is directly involved in protection against FMDV.
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Publication Date: 2013-03-06 PubMed ID: 23468490PubMed Central: PMC3648198DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03462-12Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article centers on the use of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and its potential to rapidly protect against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in livestock.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to explore alternative means to rapidly protect against FMDV. Previously, the scientists delivered the porcine type I interferon gene (poIFN-α/β) using a human adenovirus vector to protect swine. However, the high doses needed limited its commercial application. This led them to investigate the use of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) empty replicon particles (VRP).

Methodology

  • The researchers used VRP containing either the gene for green fluorescent protein (VRP-GFP) or poIFN-α (VRP-poIFN-α).
  • In vitro and in vivo tests were conducted to examine the ability of VRPs to halt FMDV replication.
  • These VRPs were used as a pretreatment on bovine and swine cell lines.
  • The FMDV infection was significantly stymied post-treatment, up to 120 hours.

Results

  • Mice pretreated with VRPs were protected from death when they were challenged with a lethal dose of FMDV 24 hours later.
  • Protection was noticed as early as 6 hours after treatment and it lasted for at least 48 hours.
  • The protection was found to be linked with the initiation of an antiviral response and production of IFN-α.
  • A number of genes were upregulated 6 hours after the treatment. Both the number of upregulated genes and the actual upregulation level increased at 24 hours.

Significant Findings

The study concluded that the chemokine IP-10, which is brought on by IFN-α and VRP-GFP, plays a vital role in protection against FMDV. The rapid protection provided by VRP could provide a valuable alternative or addition to vaccination programs in efforts to control FMDV.

Cite This Article

APA
Diaz-San Segundo F, Dias CC, Moraes MP, Weiss M, Perez-Martin E, Owens G, Custer M, Kamrud K, de los Santos T, Grubman MJ. (2013). Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicon particles can induce rapid protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol, 87(10), 5447-5460. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03462-12

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 87
Issue: 10
Pages: 5447-5460

Researcher Affiliations

Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna
  • Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, USA.
Dias, Camila C A
    Moraes, Mauro P
      Weiss, Marcelo
        Perez-Martin, Eva
          Owens, Gary
            Custer, Max
              Kamrud, Kurt
                de los Santos, Teresa
                  Grubman, Marvin J

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Animals
                    • Disease Models, Animal
                    • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / genetics
                    • Foot-and-Mouth Disease / immunology
                    • Foot-and-Mouth Disease / prevention & control
                    • Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / immunology
                    • Genetic Therapy / methods
                    • Genetic Vectors
                    • Interferon-alpha / genetics
                    • Interferon-alpha / immunology
                    • Mice
                    • Mice, Inbred C57BL
                    • Survival Analysis

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                    Citations

                    This article has been cited 14 times.
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