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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: horse virulence of P-676 and MF-8 small and minute plaques.
Abstract: The P-676 and MF-8 epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were found to contain a minute plaque (MP), different from the predominant small plaque (SP) present in these virus strains. The MP and SP were stable after passages in Vero cells, mice, or horses. Equines were inoculated with the SP or MP of the P-676 and MF-8 strains. Inoculation of either P-676 SP or MP into horses induced high fever and viremia but no signs of encephalitis or death. Four horses infected with MF-8 SP became very ill, with high fever and viremia; three of the inoculated animals died. Four horses were infected with MF-8 MP; only showed viremia but appeared asymptomatic and afebrile. Neutralization tests with immune sera from the infected equines showed that the P-676 SP and MP appear distinct, while a clear difference cannot be observed with MF-8 SP and MP.
Publication Date: 1981-03-01 PubMed ID: 7235134DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.444Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research paper investigates the horse virulence of two strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, P-676 and MF-8. The findings show the reactions of the horses that were injected with various parts of the virus and suggests that the MF-8 strain could be more dangerous.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
- The research focuses on two strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus, P-676 and MF-8.
- VEE is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes a severe and often fatal illness, equine encephalitis, in horses and humans. It also includes the production of minute plaque (MP) and small plaque (SP).
Strains of the VEE Virus
- The paper details differences between the MP and SP in the P-676 and MF-8 epizootic strains of the VEE virus.
- The MP is different from the SP, which is the dominant strain present in these viruses.
- The minute plaque (MP) and small plaque (SP) showed stability after passages in Vero cells, mice, and horses which suggests consistency in their effects across different carriers.
Effects on Horses
- Horses were inoculated, or vaccinated, with the SP or MP of the P-676 and MF-8 strains.
- Horses inoculated with either P-676 SP or MP experienced high fever and viremia (the presence of viruses in the bloodstream) but did not exhibit signs of equine encephalitis or death.
- However, horses infected with MF-8 SP became very ill, with high fever and viremia; three of the inoculated animals died which indicates a higher lethality associated with this strain.
- With MF-8 MP, however, the horses only showed viremia but remained asymptomatic and didn’t have a fever. This implies that this part of the MF-8 strain may not cause severe symptoms.
Neutralization Tests
- Neutralization tests were conducted with immune sera from the infected equines. These are tests that check for the presence of antibodies that can inhibit the biological effects of the virus.
- The results showed that the P-676 SP and MP appear distinct, suggesting they have different antibodies despite originating from the same virus strain.
- No clear difference was observed between MF-8 SP and MP, meaning they might trigger a similar immune response.
Cite This Article
APA
Justines G, Oro G, Alvarez O.
(1981).
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: horse virulence of P-676 and MF-8 small and minute plaques.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 30(2), 444-448.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.444 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / pathogenicity
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Virulence
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Dhollander S, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Morgado J, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Venezuelan equine encephalitis. EFSA J 2017 Aug;15(8):e04950.
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