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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(9); doi: 10.3390/pathogens10091092

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: From Agricultural Pathogen to Vaccine Vector.

Abstract: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which belongs to the Vesiculovirus genus of the family Rhabdoviridae, is a well studied livestock pathogen and prototypic non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus. Although VSV is responsible for causing economically significant outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis in cattle, horses, and swine, the virus also represents a valuable research tool for molecular biologists and virologists. Indeed, the establishment of a reverse genetics system for the recovery of infectious VSV from cDNA transformed the utility of this virus and paved the way for its use as a vaccine vector. A highly effective VSV-based vaccine against Ebola virus recently received clinical approval, and many other VSV-based vaccines have been developed, particularly for high-consequence viruses. This review seeks to provide a holistic but concise overview of VSV, covering the virus's ascension from perennial agricultural scourge to promising medical countermeasure, with a particular focus on vaccines.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-27 PubMed ID: 34578125PubMed Central: PMC8470541DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091092Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article provides an overview of the Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), highlighting its transition from being a harmful agricultural pathogen to a potentially beneficial vaccine vector, especially in the development of vaccines against high-consequence viruses like Ebola.

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: An Overview

  • The Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family. It is a negative-sense RNA virus that has been researched extensively due to its impact on livestock.
  • VSV is known to cause significant outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis in agricultural animals like cattle, horses, and swine. These outbreaks often result in substantial economic losses.

VSV as a Research Tool

  • Despite its harmfulness to livestock, VSV has proven to be a valuable tool for molecular biologists and virologists.
  • The establishment of a reverse genetics system for the recovery of VSV from cDNA (complementary DNA) has expanded the usefulness of the virus, leading to developments in its use as a vaccine vector.

Use of VSV as a Vaccine Vector

  • A vaccine vector is a virus or bacterium used to transport a DNA sequence into a human cell. The feasibility of VSV as a vaccine vector became evident when it was effectively used to develop a vaccine against Ebola virus, which eventually gained clinical approval.
  • Besides Ebola, VSV-based vaccines have been developed for several other high-consequence viruses, demonstrating the potential of VSV for medical applications.

Conclusion and Future Directions

  • This review aims to provide a comprehensive yet concise overview of VSV. It emphasizes the virus’s transition from an agricultural pathogen to a promising medical tool.
  • With a particular focus on vaccines, the review highlights how VSV has transformed from a recurring issue in agriculture to a significant contributor to medical breakthroughs.
  • In the future, there is potential for more life-saving vaccines to be developed using VSV as a vector, particularly against viruses causing severe diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Liu G, Cao W, Salawudeen A, Zhu W, Emeterio K, Safronetz D, Banadyga L. (2021). Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: From Agricultural Pathogen to Vaccine Vector. Pathogens, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091092

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 9

Researcher Affiliations

Liu, Guodong
  • Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
Cao, Wenguang
  • Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
Salawudeen, Abdjeleel
  • Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
Zhu, Wenjun
  • Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
Emeterio, Karla
  • Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
  • Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
Safronetz, David
  • Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
  • Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
Banadyga, Logan
  • Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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