Virus-specific CD8⁺ T-cells detected in PBMC from horses vaccinated against African horse sickness virus.
Abstract: African horsesickness (AHS) is an infectious but noncontagious viral disease affecting all species of Equidae. The recall immune response of AHSV naïve horses immunised with an attenuated African horsesickness virus serotype 4 (AHSV4) was characterised using immune assays including ELISPOT, real-time PCR (qPCR) and flow cytometry. The recall immune response detected in PBMC isolated from three inoculated horses showed an upregulation of circulating B lymphocytes that correlated with elevated IL-4 mRNA expression indicative of humoral immunity, but reduced frequency of CD4⁺ cells. In addition to the expected antibody response, an increase in CD8⁺ cells was also detected. Although these CD8⁺ cells may be CTL, the role of these cells in immunity against AHSV still has to be determined.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-02-03 PubMed ID: 22365333DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.01.016Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article discusses the immune response of horses immunized with the African horse sickness virus serotype 4 (AHSV-4), particularly noting an increase in CD8+ cells and its potential implications.
Research Details and Methodology
- The researchers focused on studying the African horsesickness (AHS), a viral disease which affects the species of Equidae. This disease is infectious but not contagious.
- The research revolved around examining the recall immune response of horses that have no prior exposure to AHSV, but were vaccinated with an attenuated version of African horsesickness virus serotype 4 (AHSV4). To identify and characterize this response, the researchers utilized immune assays such as ELISPOT, qPCR (real-time PCR), and flow cytometry.
- A major component of their study involved analyzing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that were isolated from three horses which had been inoculated.
Findings and Observations
- The recall immune response observed in the PMBC extracted from the horses showed an increase in the population of circulating B lymphocytes. This increase was linked with a heightened IL-4 mRNA expression, suggesting the presence of a humoral immune response – a response which relies on the action of antibodies produced by B cells.
- A decrease in the frequency of CD4+ cells was reported. CD4+ cells are a type of white blood cell that play a significant role in instigating and shaping the immune response.
- The research noted an increased population of CD8+ cells following inoculation. CD8+ cells, which include cytotoxic T cells, are crucial for the immune response to viral infections as they directly attack and kill infected cells.
- Although the researchers suggest that these CD8+ cells could function as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), they also noted that further investigations are required to definitively understand the role these cells play in the immunity against the African horse sickness virus.
Cite This Article
APA
Pretorius A, Van Kleef M, Van Wyngaardt W, Heath J.
(2012).
Virus-specific CD8⁺ T-cells detected in PBMC from horses vaccinated against African horse sickness virus.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 146(1), 81-86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.01.016 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag x5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. PretoriusAL@arc.agric.za
MeSH Terms
- African Horse Sickness Virus / immunology
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
- Female
- Horses
- Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4 / genetics
- Male
- Vaccination
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Dennis SJ, Meyers AE, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP. African Horse Sickness: A Review of Current Understanding and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2019 Sep 11;11(9).
- Aksular M, Calvo-Pinilla E, Marín-López A, Ortego J, Chambers AC, King LA, Castillo-Olivares J. A single dose of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) VP2 based vaccines provides complete clinical protection in a mouse model. Vaccine 2018 Nov 12;36(46):7003-7010.
- Calvo-Pinilla E, Gubbins S, Mertens P, Ortego J, Castillo-Olivares J. The immunogenicity of recombinant vaccines based on modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viruses expressing African horse sickness virus VP2 antigens depends on the levels of expressed VP2 protein delivered to the host. Antiviral Res 2018 Jun;154:132-139.
- Calvo-Pinilla E, de la Poza F, Gubbins S, Mertens PP, Ortego J, Castillo-Olivares J. Antiserum from mice vaccinated with modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing African horse sickness virus (AHSV) VP2 provides protection when it is administered 48h before, or 48h after challenge. Antiviral Res 2015 Apr;116:27-33.
- de la Poza F, Calvo-Pinilla E, López-Gil E, Marín-López A, Mateos F, Castillo-Olivares J, Lorenzo G, Ortego J. Ns1 is a key protein in the vaccine composition to protect Ifnar(-/-) mice against infection with multiple serotypes of African horse sickness virus. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e70197.
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