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Tumour virus research2021; 12; 200226; doi: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200226

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 infection in a Japanese mare.

Abstract: Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection has been associated with genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development in horses. However, very few reports on EcPV2-associated disease in Asia exist. Our study characterizes pathological and virological features of an EcPV2-associated vulvar SCC from a Japanese mare. Conventional PCR, in situ hybridization, reverse-transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence and distribution of EcPV2 within the lesion and suggested that p53 degradation may not be the mechanism by which this virus induces neoplastic transformation. The complete viral sequence in this Japanese case shows near perfect sequence homology with European reference strains of EcPV2, which may be useful when considering the target for future EcPV2 vaccine development. This report also serves to highlight the importance of EcPV2 in female (vulvar) neoplasia, which is less commonly recognized than EcPV2-induced male (penile or preputial) neoplasia. Finally, the SCC described in this mare was an unusual acantholytic variant that has not been reported previously in horses. It is the first report of EcPV2 identified from genital SCC in Asia and underscores the likely worldwide distribution of this virus and its consistent association with equine genital neoplasia.
Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-17 PubMed ID: 34543774PubMed Central: PMC8496317DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200226Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores a case of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) connected to Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) in a Japanese mare, marking the first instance of EcPV2-related genital SCC in Asia. The study delves into the pathological and virological aspects, documents the virus sequence, and highlights the lesser-known impact of EcPV2 on female equine neoplasia.

Association of EcPV2 and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • The research focuses on the connection between EcPV2 infection and the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in horses. Notably, the study examines a case of vulvar SCC, linked to EcPV2 infection, found in a Japanese mare.
  • An established correlation exists between EcPV2 and genital SCC development in horses but very few studies exist in Asia. The current research helps fill this knowledge gap.

Pathological and Virological Features

  • The study defines the pathological and virological traits of the EcPV2-related vulvar SCC. Various techniques such as Conventional PCR, in situ hybridization, reverse-transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the presence and distribution of EcPV2 within the lesion.
  • The research suggests that the degradation of the protein p53 may not be the mechanism through which the virus induces neoplastic transformation, implying the involvement of other processes in the development of the cancer.

Study of the Virus Sequence

  • Researchers also studied and recorded the complete viral sequence in this Japanese case, noting its near perfect sequence homology with European strains of EcPV2. This is valuable information to consider when developing a future EcPV2 vaccine.

Highlighting the Impact of EcPV2 on Female Equine Neoplasia

  • This research stresses the significance of EcPV2 in female neoplasia, specifically vulvar neoplasia, which is often less recognized than EcPV2-induced male neoplasia.
  • The SCC described in this Japanese mare was an unusual acantholytic variant, which provides extra insights for future research. It’s an unreported variant in horses and could lead to more comprehensive understanding of the disease.

Underlining the Worldwide Distribution of EcPV2

  • The detection of EcPV2 in genital SCC in Asia, paired with the sequence resemblance to European strains, underscores the possible worldwide distribution of the virus. The report emphasizes that the virus is likely consistently associated with equine genital neoplasia, underscoring the need for broad-based awareness and research.

Cite This Article

APA
Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Ito S, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Sato M, Chang HW, Knight C, van der Meer F, Haga T. (2021). Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 infection in a Japanese mare. Tumour Virus Res, 12, 200226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200226

Publication

Tumour virus research
ISSN: 2666-6790
NlmUniqueID: 101775149
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 200226
PII: 200226

Researcher Affiliations

Yamashita-Kawanishi, Nanako
  • Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Ito, Soma
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Chambers, James K
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Uchida, Kazuyuki
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Sato, Masato
  • Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Hokkaido, Japan.
Chang, Hui Wen
  • Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Knight, Cameron
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
van der Meer, Frank
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Haga, Takeshi
  • Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. Electronic address: ahaga@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Japan
  • Male
  • Papillomaviridae / genetics
  • Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Vaccine Development

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. da Silva TRO, Gonçalves PNC, Marcus VB, Mucellini CI, Dos Santos IR, Kommers G, Driemeier D, Flores EF, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM. Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022 Sep;53(3):1707-1713.
    doi: 10.1007/s42770-022-00769-3pubmed: 35570259google scholar: lookup
  2. Uchida-Fujii E, Kato Y, Ueno T, Numasawa Y, Yusa S, Haga T. Histopathological and Virological Findings of a Penile Papilloma in a Japanese Stallion with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2). Pathogens 2024 Jul 19;13(7).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens13070597pubmed: 39057823google scholar: lookup
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