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Home / Equine Research Bank / Bull World Health Organ / WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera:...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization1968; 38(4); 577-593;

WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera: second report.

Abstract: This paper summarizes the results of the second part of co-operative studies undertaken by the WHO International Reference Centre for Enteroviruses and a number of WHO Regional Virus Reference Centres, WHO Virus Collaborating Laboratories and other laboratories in a comprehensive testing programme of enterovirus equine antisera. The studies were designed to appraise the specificity of immune serum prepared in horses against 16 representative prototype enteroviruses (polioviruses 2 and 3, coxsackieviruses A7, B1, B2, B4, B5 and B6 and echoviruses 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 17). Tests for neutralizing antibody were performed not only against the homologous viruses but also against the homotypic strains available in each laboratory. Tests for heterotypic antibody were made against the entire group of enteroviruses, reoviruses 1-3 and adenoviruses 1-11, 13 and 17. Each serum sample represented a pool of the individual bleedings taken from a group of horses before and after immunization with each virus antigen. The results showed that the homologous geometric mean titres of the immune sera ranged from 7000 to 36 000, whereas the preinoculation sera were negative. Results of the homotypic tests showed the usefulness of the sera. The specificity of the haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody of the sera against coxsackieviruses A7, B1, B5, B6 and echoviruses 3, 7, 12 was demonstrated. The results of the tests performed in tissue culture and mice are discussed. Co-operative testing of other enterovirus equine antisera is now in progress.
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Publication Date: 1968-01-01 PubMed ID: 4299693PubMed Central: PMC2554535
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper discusses the results from the second part of collaboration studies conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other labs to evaluate the specificity of immune serum derived from horses against 16 specific types of enteroviruses.

Objective of the Study

  • The main purpose of this research was to analyze the specificity of immune serum prepared in horses against 16 representative prototype enteroviruses.
  • This study also aimed to test sera not only against matching virus types but also similar virus strains available in each laboratory.
  • The collaboration also looked at heterotypic antibodies working against broad groups of enteroviruses, reoviruses, and adenoviruses.

Methodology of the Study

  • The immune serum samples from horses were obtained both before and after immunization with each virus antigen.
  • These samples were a culmination of individual bleedings taken from a group of horses.
  • The researchers assessed the presence of neutralizing antibodies, which are antibodies that defend a cell from a pathogen or infectious particle by neutralizing any effect it has biologically.

Findings of the Study

  • The immune sera demonstrated high geometric mean titres, between 7000 to 36 000, post-inoculation, while the preinoculation sera were negative (indicating the effectiveness of the vaccine in generating an immune response).
  • The utility of the sera was affirmed by the homotypic tests, i.e., tests involving the same virus strains.
  • Distinct haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were found in the sera against coxsackieviruses and echoviruses, indicating that the sera can also be effective against these other types of viruses. Hemagglutination inhibition is an essential mechanism by which antibodies block viruses from entering cells.

Conclusions and Future Directions

  • The results obtained in culture tissue and mice were also examined and discussed in this research.
  • The paper concludes with a plan for further co-operative testing of other enterovirus equine antisera, continuing the ongoing research into defenses against these viruses.

Cite This Article

APA
Hampil B, Melnick JL. (1968). WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera: second report. Bull World Health Organ, 38(4), 577-593.

Publication

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
ISSN: 0042-9686
NlmUniqueID: 7507052
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 38
Issue: 4
Pages: 577-593

Researcher Affiliations

Hampil, B
    Melnick, J L

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Antibodies / analysis
      • Enterovirus / classification
      • Horses
      • Immune Sera / standards
      • Serologic Tests
      • World Health Organization

      References

      This article includes 3 references
      1. Melnick JL, Hampil B. WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera.. Bull World Health Organ 1965;33(6):761-72.
        pubmed: 4285901
      2. SCHMIDT NJ, GUENTHER RW, LENNETTE EH. Typing of ECHO virus isolates by immune serum pools. The "intersecting serum scheme".. J Immunol 1961 Nov;87:623-6.
        pubmed: 13908778
      3. LIM KA, BENYESH-MELNICK M. Typing of viruses by combinations of antiserum pools. Application to typing of enteroviruses (Coxsackie and ECHO).. J Immunol 1960 Mar;84:309-17.
        pubmed: 14416964

      Citations

      This article has been cited 6 times.
      1. Melnick JL, Hampil B. WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera; fourth report. Bull World Health Organ 1973;48(4):381-96.
        pubmed: 4357975
      2. Melnick JL, Rennick V, Hampil B, Schmidt NJ, Ho HH. Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 42 enteroviruses. Bull World Health Organ 1973;48(3):263-8.
        pubmed: 4355401
      3. Schmidt NJ, Melnick JL, Wenner HA, Ho HH, Burkhardt MA. Evaluation of enterovirus immune horse serum pools for identification of virus field strains. Bull World Health Organ 1971;45(3):317-30.
        pubmed: 4335411
      4. Melnick JL, Hampil B. WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera. Third report. Bull World Health Organ 1970;42(6):847-63.
        pubmed: 4320132
      5. Hampil B, Melnick JL. Method for testing virus stocks for viral contaminants. Appl Microbiol 1969 Jan;17(1):17-20.
        doi: 10.1128/am.17.1.17-20.1969pubmed: 4304570google scholar: lookup
      6. Melnick JL, Wimberly IL. Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: new LBM pools prepared from reserves of antisera stored frozen for two decades. Bull World Health Organ 1985;63(3):543-50.
        pubmed: 2994900
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