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BMC veterinary research2017; 13(1); 103; doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1006-7

“Why won’t they just vaccinate?” Horse owner risk perception and uptake of the Hendra virus vaccine.

Abstract: Hendra virus is a paramyxovirus that causes periodic serious disease and fatalities in horses and humans in Australia first identified in 1994. Pteropid bats (commonly known as flying-foxes) are the natural host of the virus, and the putative route of infection in horses is by ingestion or inhalation of material contaminated by flying-fox urine or other bodily fluids. Humans become infected after close contact with infected horses. Horse owners in Australia are encouraged to vaccinate their horses against Hendra virus to reduce the risk of Hendra virus infection, and to prevent potential transmission to humans. After the vaccine was released in 2012, uptake by horse owners was slow, with some estimated 11-17% of horses in Australia vaccinated. This study was commissioned to examine barriers to vaccine uptake and potential drivers to future adoption of vaccination by horse owners. Methods: This study examined qualitative comments from respondents to an on-line survey, reporting reasons for not vaccinating their horses. The study also investigated scenarios in which respondents felt they might consider vaccinating their horses. Results: Self-reported barriers to uptake of the Hendra virus vaccine by horse owners (N = 150) included concerns about vaccine safety, cost, and effectiveness. Reduction in vaccination costs and perception of immediacy of Hendra virus risk were reported as being likely to change future behaviour. However, the data also indicated that horse owners generally would not reconsider vaccinating their horses if advised by their veterinarian. Conclusions: While changes to vaccine costs and the availability data supporting vaccine safety and efficacy may encourage more horse owners to vaccinate, this study highlights the importance of protecting the relationship between veterinarians and horse owners within the risk management strategies around Hendra virus. Interactions and trust between veterinarians and animal owners has important implications for management of and communication around Hendra virus and other zoonotic disease outbreaks.
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Publication Date: 2017-04-13 PubMed ID: 28407738PubMed Central: PMC5390447DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1006-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the reasons behind the slow uptake of the Hendra virus vaccine among horse owners in Australia, despite the risk to both horses and humans. It suggests cost, concerns about effectiveness, and a lack of perceived immediate risk are significant barriers, while trust in veterinarians appears to be less influential in owners’ vaccination decisions.

Background and Scope of the Study

  • The research focuses on understanding the low adoption of the Hendra virus vaccine by horse owners in Australia. The Hendra virus is a potentially deadly disease that can be transferred from horses to humans and has sparked serious health concerns.
  • The natural host of the Hendra virus is the Pteropid bats or flying-foxes, from which horses can become infected through close contact with the bats’ urine and other bodily fluids. Humans get infected following close contact with infected horses.
  • In 2012, a vaccine was released to counter this virus. However, the vaccine had a slow adoption rate, with estimates indicating that only 11-17% of horses in Australia received the vaccination.

Methodology

  • The study was conducted through an online survey in which respondents provided qualitative data on reasons why they did not vaccinate their horses. The survey also investigated potential scenarios that would prompt respondents to consider vaccination.

Findings of the Study

  • The research identified the primary reasons for horse owners (from a sample size of 150) not opting for the vaccination as concerns about the safety of the vaccine, its cost, and doubts about its effectiveness.
  • A decrease in the cost of the vaccine and a perceived increase in the immediate risk of the Hendra virus were factors that would potentially influence more horse owners to get their horses vaccinated.
  • Contrary to expectations, advice from a veterinarian does not seem to significantly impact a horse owner’s decision to vaccinate.

Conclusions and Implications

  • This study underlines the need for more accessible information regarding the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine to encourage more horse owners to opt for vaccination.
  • The study also suggests the need for efforts to strengthen the relationship and trust between veterinarians and horse owners in managing the risk from the Hendra virus more effectively.
  • Overall, a multipronged approach addressing cost issues, trust in veterinarians, the safety and efficacy of the vaccine, and the perceived immediate risk of the disease seems to be necessary for more widespread adoption of the Hendra virus vaccine.

Cite This Article

APA
Manyweathers J, Field H, Longnecker N, Agho K, Smith C, Taylor M. (2017). “Why won’t they just vaccinate?” Horse owner risk perception and uptake of the Hendra virus vaccine. BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1006-7

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 103
PII: 103

Researcher Affiliations

Manyweathers, J
  • Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia. jmanyweathers@csu.edu.au.
  • School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, PO BOX 7178, Tathra, NSW, Australia. jmanyweathers@csu.edu.au.
Field, H
  • EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA.
Longnecker, N
  • School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, PO BOX 7178, Tathra, NSW, Australia.
  • Centre for Science Communication, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Agho, K
  • School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
Smith, C
  • Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia.
Taylor, M
  • Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia. mel.taylor@mq.edu.au.
  • Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. mel.taylor@mq.edu.au.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Australia
  • Chiroptera / virology
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • Hendra Virus
  • Henipavirus Infections / prevention & control
  • Henipavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses / virology
  • Humans
  • Risk
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Vaccines / adverse effects
  • Vaccines / economics
  • Veterinarians
  • Zoonoses / prevention & control

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