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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Zonal characterization and differential trilineage potential...
BMC veterinary research2021; 17(1); 138; doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02793-1

Zonal characterization and differential trilineage potentials of equine intrasynovial deep digital flexor tendon-derived cells.

Abstract: Intrasynovial deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) injuries occur frequently and are often implicated in cases of navicular disease with poor outcomes and reinjuries. Cell-based approaches to tendon healing are gaining traction in veterinary medicine and ultimately may contribute to improved DDFT healing in horses. However, a better understanding of the innate cellular characteristics of equine DDFT is necessary for developing improved therapeutic strategies. Additionally, fibrocartilaginous, intrasynovial tendons like the DDFT are common sites of injury and share a poor prognosis across species, offering translational applications of this research. The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize tendon-derived cells (TDC) from intrasynovial DDFT harvested from within the equine forelimb podotrochlear bursa. TDC from the fibrocartilaginous and tendinous zones are separately isolated and assessed. Flow cytometry is performed for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface markers (CD 29, CD 44, CD 90). Basal tenogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic markers are assessed via quantitative real time-PCR, and standard trilineage differentiation is performed with third passage TDC from the fibrocartilaginous (fTDC) and tendinous (tTDC) zones of DDFT. Results: Low-density plating isolated homogenous TDC populations from both zones. During monolayer passage, both TDC subpopulations exhibited clonogenicity, high in vitro proliferation rate, and fibroblast-like morphology. fTDC and tTDC were positive for MSC surface markers CD90 and CD29 and negative for CD44. There were no significant differences in basal tenogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic marker expression between zones. While fTDC were largely restricted to chondrogenic differentiation, tTDC underwent osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Both TDC subpopulations displayed weak adipogenic differentiation potentials. Conclusions: TDC at the level of the podotrochlear bursa, that potentially could be targeted for enhancing DDFT injury healing in horses were identified and characterized. Pending further investigation, promoting chondrogenic properties in cells administered exogenously into the intrasynovial space may be beneficial for intrasynovial tendon regeneration.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-01 PubMed ID: 33794882PubMed Central: PMC8015054DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02793-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The study conducts an in-depth examination of cells derived from the intrasynovial deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in horses, which is frequently injured and difficult to treat. Characterizing these cells and their healing capabilities is critical for developing effective cell-based healing strategies for these injuries, and the results could potentially offer broader applications across different species.

Research Methodology

  • Cells from the intrasynovial DDFT were harvested. They were specifically from the horse’s forelimb podotrochlear bursa.
  • The cells were divided based on their originating zones, fibrocartilaginous and tendinous, and isolated separately.
  • This cell division was followed by a flow cytometry process for MSC surface markers CD 29, CD 44, CD 90.
  • They assessed basal tenogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic markers through quantitative real time-PCR.
  • Subsequently, they carried out a standard trilineage differentiation with the third passage of tendon-derived cells (TDC) from both zones.

Research Findings

  • The researchers successfully isolated homogeneous cell populations using low-density plating.
  • Both cell subpopulations demonstrated clonogenicity, an impressive in vitro proliferation rate, and fibroblast-like morphology during monolayer passage.
  • The fibrocartilaginous TDC (fTDC) and tendinous TDC (tTDC) were positive for MSC surface markers CD90 and CD29, but negative for CD44.
  • There was no significant difference in basal tenogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic marker expression observed between the two zones.
  • fTDC were mostly chondrogenic while tTDC were both osteogenic and chondrogenic. Both TDC subpopulations showed low potential for adipogenic differentiation.

Research Implications

  • The researchers concluded that they had successfully characterized tendon-derived cells at the level of the podotrochlear bursa. These cells could lead to enhanced healing of DDFT injuries in horses.
  • Further investigation is needed, but promoting chondrogenic properties in cells administered exogenously into the intrasynovial space may benefit intrasynovial tendon regeneration.

Cite This Article

APA
Quam VG, Altmann NN, Brokken MT, Durgam SS. (2021). Zonal characterization and differential trilineage potentials of equine intrasynovial deep digital flexor tendon-derived cells. BMC Vet Res, 17(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02793-1

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 138
PII: 138

Researcher Affiliations

Quam, Vivian G
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, USA.
Altmann, Nadine N
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, USA.
Brokken, Matthew T
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, USA.
Durgam, Sushmitha S
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, USA. durgam.3@osu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Adipogenesis
  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chondrogenesis
  • Flow Cytometry / veterinary
  • Forelimb
  • Horses
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Osteogenesis
  • Tendons / cytology

Grant Funding

  • The Ohio State University Equine Research Fund by the Ohio State Racing Commission. / Ohio State University

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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