British journal of sports medicine.
Periodical
Sports Medicine
Publisher:
BMJ Publishing Group. London : BMJ Publishing Group
Frequency: Bimonthly, 1999-
Country: England
Language: English
Author(s):
British Association of Sport and Medicine.
Start Year:1969 -
ISSN:
0306-3674 (Print)
1473-0480 (Electronic)
0306-3674 (Linking)
1473-0480 (Electronic)
0306-3674 (Linking)
Impact Factor
18.4
2022
| NLM ID: | 0432520 |
| (DNLM): | B35660000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01021858 |
| Coden: | BJSMDZ |
| LCCN: | sc 76000389 |
| Classification: | W1 BR637K |
Research and identification of tranquillizers – use of retention index.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 143-146 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.143
Courtot D.At the request of the Service des Haras, our laboratory works on the toxicological problems of the sport-horse. These studies have resulted in the setting up of an anti-doping control for equestrian competitions of various types, not only flat racing. During events, horses, must be calm and docile to the riders' order. Frequently, the latter use tranquillizers to try and win events. The analytical method for the research and identification of these compounds is described. The technique involves successively: 1. alkalinisation of the sample - saliva, blood or urine after enzymatic hydrolysis. 2... Less common “doping” agents and substances encountered during routine screening for drugs.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 171-176 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.171
Haywood PE, Chalmers P.The chromatographic and spectroscopic properties of several unusual substances which have been detected in the "alkaloidal" chloroform extract from racehorse urine and saliva samples are reported. Some of these substances have been identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the source of the substance is stated where this is known. Other substances whose identity is not known have been detected and their mass spectra show characteristic amine fragments. The occurrence of these unidentified substances is more frequent in aged urine samples and it would therefore appear that... Doping control in Japan. An automated extraction procedure for the doping test.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 163-167 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.163
Nakajima T, Matsumoto T.Horse racing in Japan consists of two systems, the National (10 racecourses) and the Regional public racing (32 racecourses) having about 2,500 racing meetings in total per year. Urine or saliva samples for dope testing are collected by the officials from thw winner, second and third, and transported to the laboratory in a frozen state. In 1975, 76, 117 samples were analyzed by this laboratory. The laboratory provides the following four methods of analysis, which are variously combined by request. (1) Method for detection of drugs extracted by chloroform from alkalinized sample. (2) Methods fo... Non-fatal horse related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001-2003.
British journal of sports medicine
April 12, 2006
Volume 40, Issue 7 619-626 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.025858
Thomas KE, Annest JL, Gilchrist J, Bixby-Hammett DM.To characterise and provide nationally representative estimates of persons with non-fatal horse related injuries treated in American emergency departments. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) is a stratified probability sample comprising 66 hospitals. Data on injuries treated in these emergency departments are collected and reported. NEISS-AIP data on all types (horseback riding and otherwise) of non-fatal horse related injuries from 2001 to 2003 were analysed. Results: An estimated 102,904 persons with non-fatal horse related injuries (35... Read More
31
Harnessing the stem cell for the treatment of tendon injuries: heralding a new dawn?
British journal of sports medicine
August 25, 2005
Volume 39, Issue 9 582-584 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.015834
Smith RK, Webbon PM.No abstract available Read More
26
European consensus on epidemiological studies of injuries in the thoroughbred horse racing industry.
British journal of sports medicine
November 8, 2011
Volume 46, Issue 10 704-708 doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090312
Turner M, Fuller CW, Egan D, Le Masson B, McGoldrick A, Spence A, Wind P, Gadot PM.No abstract available Read More
25
Injuries in professional horse racing in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland during 1992-2000.
British journal of sports medicine
November 28, 2002
Volume 36, Issue 6 403-409 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.36.6.403
Turner M, McCrory P, Halley W.Professional horse racing is an exciting and demanding sport with high injury rates. Surprisingly few epidemiological studies have been published and no prospective studies have been reported. This paper reviews the literature and provides a detailed breakdown of injuries in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland for 1992-2000. The introduction of protective equipment is discussed and evidence for its effectiveness put forward. Read More
25
Riding and other equestrian injuries: considerable severity.
British journal of sports medicine
March 1, 1987
Volume 21, Issue 1 22-24 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.21.1.22
Lloyd RG.All horse-related injuries presenting to an Accident Service over a two-year period were investigated. 237 patients presented. The injuries were not considerable in absolute number but were in severity. There was a high morbidity with 22% of all patients requiring admission to hospital, 50% of all admissions because of head injuries. At least seven life-threatening injuries were identified and there were other severe pelvic and spinal injuries. The wearing of protective head gear remains the most important safety measure. Read More
21
An analysis of injuries resulting from professional horse racing in France during 1991-2001: a comparison with injuries resulting from professional horse racing in Great Britain during 1992-2001.
British journal of sports medicine
May 10, 2006
Volume 40, Issue 7 614-618 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.028449
McCrory P, Turner M, LeMasson B, Bodere C, Allemandou A.It has been previously shown that professional jockeys suffer high rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the pursuit of their occupation. Little is known, however, about differences in injury rates between countries. Objective: To determine the rate of fatal and non-fatal injuries in flat and jump jockeys in France and to compare the injury rates with those in Great Britain and Ireland Method: Prospectively collected injury data on professional jockeys were used as the basis of the analysis. Results: Limb fractures occur four times more often in both flat and jump racing in France than in G... Read More
18
Rider injury rates and emergency medical services at equestrian events.
British journal of sports medicine
February 23, 1999
Volume 33, Issue 1 46-48 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.33.1.46
Paix BR.Horse riding is a hazardous pastime, with a number of studies documenting high rates of injury and death among horse riders in general. This study focuses on the injury experience of cross country event riders, a high risk subset of horse riders. Methods: Injury data were collected at a series of 35 equestrian events in South Australia from 1990 to 1998. Results: Injury rates were found to be especially high among event riders, with frequent falls, injuries, and even deaths. The highest injury rates were among the riders competing at the highest levels. Conclusions: There is a need for skilled... Read More
15
Equestrian injuries: a comparison of professional and amateur injuries in Berkshire.
British journal of sports medicine
March 1, 1987
Volume 21, Issue 1 25-26 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.21.1.25
Whitlock MR, Whitlock J, Johnston B.A retrospective study of horse riding injuries in Berkshire was undertaken over a one year period from November 1983. The information was obtained from the Ambulance Service, the Jockey Club and the St. John Ambulance Brigade. There was a total of 103 injured persons with no deaths. Information from the Jockey Club was compared with the other two groups, the former sustaining more limb injuries and the latter more head injuries. A questionnaire was sent to all 42 ambulance patients. Thirty-eight had radiographs taken, 16 of which showed a fracture. Forty-one were wearing some form of hard hat,... Read More
15
Injuries in the Victorian thoroughbred racing industry.
British journal of sports medicine
May 14, 2007
Volume 41, Issue 10 639-643 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.032888
Cowley S, Bowman B, Lawrance M.There is increasing concern in Australia about safety in the thoroughbred racing industry, but there has been no reported analysis of injury data. This review analyses injury and workers' compensation data recorded in Victoria. On the basis of the results, it is recommended that the injury and incident data collection systems are improved such that they are not only more complete but also accumulate more detailed information about the location of an incident or injury event, the activity at the time of the incident or injury event, and factors that may have influenced the occurrence. Read More
14
Injuries to polo riders: a prospective evaluation.
British journal of sports medicine
October 16, 1999
Volume 33, Issue 5 329-332 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.33.5.329
Costa-Paz M, Aponte-Tinao L, Muscolo DL.To assess prospectively the incidence, nature, and severity of injuries to polo riders competing in the 1996 Argentine High Polo season. Methods: Assessment, documentation, and provision of care for all injuries sustained during the 1996 season by one of the authors. Riders were also surveyed retrospectively for their previous polo injuries. Results: 34 riders took part in the study. Nine injuries were sustained prospectively and 55 injuries were reviewed retrospectively (64 total). The injuries were categorised as minor (10), moderate (13), and major (41). Twenty five (39%) injuries occurred ... Traumatic carotid and vertebral artery dissection in a professional jockey: a cautionary tale.
British journal of sports medicine
June 1, 1995
Volume 29, Issue 2 143-144 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.29.2.143
Fletcher J, Davies PT, Lewis T, Campbell MJ.Jockeys accept bony fractures and soft tissue injuries as occupational hazards. An average National Hunt jockey falls once in ten races with an injury rate of 4.25%. Head injury is a common cause of morbidity and the benefit of helmets is well recognized. Neck injuries are also common and usually musculoskeletal. Although rare, trauma to the neck arteries may go unnoticed yet have catastrophic consequences. Internal tears can allow arterial blood to dissect the layers of the arterial wall and obstruct the lumen. Severe obstruction may lead to cerebral ischaemia and infarction. An appreciation ... Career-ending injuries to professional jockeys in British horse racing (1991-2005).
British journal of sports medicine
May 17, 2007
Volume 42, Issue 1 22-24 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.038950
Balendra G, Turner M, McCrory P.It has been previously shown that professional jump and flat racing jockeys suffer a high incidence of injury as a consequence of their profession. This paper specifically examines career-ending injuries to professional jockeys in Great Britain. Objective: To investigate career-ending injuries in professional jockeys. Methods: Analysis of prospectively collected injury database on professional jockeys. Results: The majority of injuries in this study occurred to the head, shoulder or torso. Fractures were the most common type of injury that led to a decision to end a career, followed by neurolo... Hazards of horse-riding as a popular sport.
British journal of sports medicine
June 1, 1991
Volume 25, Issue 2 105-110 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.25.2.105
Silver JR, Parry JM.The increasing incidence of horse-riding accidents, which are often severe in nature, prompted a pilot study of a questionnaire designed to elucidate the cause of such accidents. It was hoped that, on a larger scale, the information gleaned would highlight possible preventative measures which might improve the safety of an important recreational pursuit enjoyed by young and old from many walks of life. A retrospective study of riders sustaining serious spinal injuries admitted to Stoke Mandeville Hospital was compared with riders sustaining minor but significant injuries as the accidents came ... Injuries to riders in the cross country phase of eventing: the importance of protective equipment.
British journal of sports medicine
June 23, 1999
Volume 33, Issue 3 212-214 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.33.3.212
Whitlock MR.To determine the distribution of injuries in the eventing discipline of equestrian sports and the effectiveness of the protective equipment worn. Methods: Data on all injuries sustained in the cross country phase over fixed obstacles were collected from 54 days of competition from 1992 to 1997. This involved 16,940 rides. Results: Data on a total of 193 injuries were collected, which included two deaths. This represents an injury rate of 1.1%. Head and facial injuries represented the largest group (31%), with one third of these requiring treatment in hospital. All riders were wearing protectiv... Major pelvic injuries in equestrian sports.
British journal of sports medicine
September 23, 1997
Volume 31, Issue 3 249-251 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.31.3.249
O'Farrell DA, Irshad F, Thorns BS, McElwain JP.A series of pelvic and acetabular injuries caused by horse riding accidents is reported. The importance of wearing appropriate protective clothing when riding is emphasised. Injuries in amateur horse racing (point to point racing) in Great Britain and Ireland during 1993-2006.
British journal of sports medicine
November 30, 2006
Volume 41, Issue 3 162-166 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.033894
Balendra G, Turner M, McCrory P, Halley W.To provide a breakdown of injury incidence from amateur jump racing (also known as point to point racing) in Great Britain and Ireland during 1993-2006 and to compare the injury epidemiology with professional horse racing in Great Britain, Ireland and France. Methods: Retrospective review. Methods: Great Britain and Ireland. Methods: Amateur jockeys. Methods: Injury rates. Results: Injury data suggest that point to point racing is more dangerous from an injury point of view than professional jump racing, which has previously been shown to be more dangerous than flat racing. Amateur jockeys hav... Payments to injured professional jockeys in British horse racing (1996-2006).
British journal of sports medicine
April 1, 2008
Volume 42, Issue 9 763-766 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.040337
Turner M, Balendra G, McCrory P.To determine the direct and indirect cost of injuries in professional jockeys as a result of race riding. Methods: Cohort study. Methods: Professional horse racing. Methods: Professional jockeys in the UK registered with the Jockey Club. Methods: Payouts under the Professional Riders Insurance Scheme (PRIS) for injuries sustained by professional jockeys, which were recorded by the Jockey Club injury database between 1996 and 2006 inclusive. Results: In the 11-year period of the study, there were 1328 injuries that resulted in jockeys missing a total of 71,509 days of racing, and as a result PR... A punch drunk jockey?
British journal of sports medicine
May 25, 2004
Volume 38, Issue 3 e3 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.006338
McCrory P, Turner M, Murray J.The case is reported of a retired professional jockey with progressive memory loss. The concern is that he may be suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy or the "punch drunk syndrome". A comparative study of the metabolic effort expended by horse riders during a jumping competition.
British journal of sports medicine
March 1, 1992
Volume 26, Issue 1 33-35 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.26.1.33
Gutiérrez Rincón JA, Vives Turcó J, Muro Martínez I, Casas Vaqué I.The three main Olympic horse riding disciplines are dressage, jumping, and three-day eventing (including dressage, cross country and jumping). In the jumping discipline (obstacle race), the 'team' (horse rider) is judged under the different conditions that might take place in a varied run. The horse is expected to show power and ability; the rider must show riding skill and good physical condition. However, the different conditions encountered by the rider during competition (duration of event, continuous isometric working level, especially in the inferior trunk, lead us to consider the need f... A brief history of dope detection in racehorses.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 100-102 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.100
Clarke EG, Moss MS.No abstract available A review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of procaine in thoroughbred horses.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 109-116 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.109
Tobin T, Blake JW.Since procaine has both local anaesthetic and central stimulant actions its presence in the blood or urine of racing horses is forbidden. After rapid intravenous injection of procaine HC1 (2.5 mg/Kg) in thoroughbred mares plasma levels of this drug fell rapidly (t 1/2 alpha = 5 min) and then more slowly (t 1/2 beta = 50.2 min). These kinetics were well fitted by a two compartment open model (Model I). This model gave an apparent Vdbeta for procaine in the horse of about 3,500 litres. Since procaine was about 45% bound to equine plasma protein this gives a true Vdbeta for procaine of about 6,50... Racing problems in the U.S.A.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 159-162 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.159
Jaggard G.The major problems of racing in the United States at the present time are caused by too much racing. This has led to too few horses and small fields. Consequently many owners and trainers are trying to enter their horses too frequently and to race them when they are not really fit to run. The desire to race horses as frequently as possible has led to constant pressure from horsemen through their organizations for so called "permissive medication". Started in the state of Colorado approximately ten years ago this has grown until finally there are only a few states, notably New York and New Jers... Excretion and metabolism of nikethamide in the horse.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 116-123 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.116
Delbeke FT, Debackere M.It is well known that nikethamide (N,N-diethylnicotinamide, CoramineR) is metabolized very rapidly to nicotinamide. Hence, there is difficulty in proving that nikethamide has been used as a doping substance because nicotinamide is a normal physiological metabolite in the organism as well as a vitamin preparation. However, an intermediate metabolite (N-ethylnicotinamide) was found by us in the urine of horses treated with CoramineR. This was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and synthesized and identified as being N-ethylnicotinamide. The excretion and metabolism of niketha... Application of radioimmunoassay for testosterone to routine testing.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 155-157 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.155
Boudene C, Jouany JM, Belegaud J, Despaux N.No abstract available The passage of drugs into horse saliva and the suitability of saliva for pre-race testing.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 133-140 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.133
Horner MW.No abstract available Dope: the enemy of the racehorse.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 103-105 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.103
Green HJ.No abstract available Horses for courses.
British journal of sports medicine
August 25, 2005
Volume 39, Issue 9 581
McCrory P.No abstract available The antidoping control in horseraces in Italy.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 168-170 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.168
Cartoni GP, Montanaro M.The results and the improvement of the analytical procedures adopted for the control of doping in horses will be reported. This control has been systematically carried out in Italy for about 10 years in the laboratories of Italian Federation of Sport and Medicine in which the biological samples for the control of doping in various sport activities (football, cycling, athletics etc.) are also examined. In this way it is possible to use the same instruments for all these similar problems and compare the results. The analytical procedure is based on the following steps: 1) Extraction of the sampl... The gas-liquid chromatograph and the electron capture detection in equine drug testing.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 129-132 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.129
Blake JW, Tobin T.Three gas-liquid chromatographic (G.L.C.) procedures discussed have been designed around the four "esses" of detection tests--speed, sensitivity, simplicity, and specificity. These techniques are admirably applicable to the very low plasma drug levels encountered in blood testing under pre-race conditions. The methods are equally applicable to post-race testing procedures, where both blood and urine samples are tested. Drugs can only rarely be detected by the electron capture detector (E.C.D.) without a prior derivatization step, which conveys to the drug(s) high electron affinity. Because of ... Research and identification of tranquillizers – use of retention index.
British journal of sports medicine
October 1, 1976
Volume 10, Issue 3 143-146 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.143
Courtot D.At the request of the Service des Haras, our laboratory works on the toxicological problems of the sport-horse. These studies have resulted in the setting up of an anti-doping control for equestrian competitions of various types, not only flat racing. During events, horses, must be calm and docile to the riders' order. Frequently, the latter use tranquillizers to try and win events. The analytical method for the research and identification of these compounds is described. The technique involves successively: 1. alkalinisation of the sample - saliva, blood or urine after enzymatic hydrolysis. 2...