Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Publisher:
Mosby.. Brookline Ma : Association For Research In Vision And Ophthalmology (Arvo)
Frequency: Thirteen no. a year
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
Start Year:1977 -
ISSN:
0146-0404 (Print)
1552-5783 (Electronic)
0146-0404 (Linking)
1552-5783 (Electronic)
0146-0404 (Linking)
Impact Factor
4.4
2022
| NLM ID: | 7703701 |
| (DNLM): | I37980000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 02834457 |
| Coden: | IOVSD |
| Classification: | W1 IN994Z |
Development of a Sustained-Release Voriconazole-Containing Thermogel for Subconjunctival Injection in Horses. To determine in vitro release profiles, transcorneal permeation, and ocular injection characteristics of a voriconazole-containing thermogel suitable for injection into the subconjunctival space (SCS). In vitro release rate of voriconazole (0.3% and 1.5%) from poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide-b-ethylene glycol-b-DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) thermogel was determined for 28 days. A Franz cell diffusion chamber was used to evaluate equine transcorneal and transscleral permeation of voriconazole (1.5% topical solution, 0.3% and 1.5% voriconazole-thermogel) for 24 hours. Antifungal activit...
Immunological Characterization of Intraocular Lymphoid Follicles in a Spontaneous Recurrent Uveitis Model. Recently, formation of tertiary lymphoid structures was demonstrated and further characterized in the R161H mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune uveitis. In the horse model of spontaneous recurrent uveitis, intraocular lymphoid follicle formation is highly characteristic, and found in all stages and scores of disease, but in depth analyses of immunologic features of these structures are lacking to date. Paraffin-embedded eye sections of cases with equine spontaneous recurrent uveitis (ERU) were characterized with immunohistochemistry to gain insight into the distribution, localization, and si...
Palisade Endings Are a Constant Feature in the Extraocular Muscles of Frontal-Eyed, But Not Lateral-Eyed, Animals. To test whether palisade endings are a general feature of mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs). Methods: Thirteen species, some frontal-eyed (human, monkey, cat, and ferret), and others lateral-eyed (pig, sheep, calf, horse, rabbit, rat, mouse, gerbil, and guinea pig) were analyzed. Palisade endings were labeled by using different combinations of immunofluorescence techniques. Three-dimensional reconstructions of immunolabeled palisade endings were done. Results: In all frontal-eyed species, palisade endings were a consistent feature in the rectus EOMs. Their total number was high and they exh...
Vitreal IgM autoantibodies target neurofilament medium in a spontaneous model of autoimmune uveitis. Although the presence of IgG autoantibodies in the vitreous of spontaneous cases of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) has been demonstrated, the potential role of IgM reactivities during ERU pathogenesis remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of IgM autoantibodies in vitreous specimens of ERU-affected horses and to test their binding specificity to intraocularly expressed proteins. Methods: To test IgM autoantibody responses to retinal tissue, vitreous samples of eye-healthy controls and ERU patients were analyzed via two-dimensional Western blot analysis with e...
Changes in matrix metalloproteinase network in a spontaneous autoimmune uveitis model. Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening disease in which autoreactive T cells cross the blood-retinal barrier. Molecular mechanisms contributing to the loss of eye immune privilege in this autoimmune disease are not well understood. In this study, the authors investigated the changes in the matrix metalloproteinase network in spontaneous uveitis. Methods: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MMP2, MMP9, and MMP14 expression and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) expression were analyzed using Western blot quantification. Enzyme activities were examined with zymog...
Kininogen in autoimmune uveitis: decrease in peripheral blood stream versus increase in target tissue. Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an incurable disease affecting the inner eye that leads to blindness, through activated T cells that pass the blood-retinal barrier and destroy the retina. Serum markers are a desirable choice for monitoring development of disease, as serum is easy accessible and the markers could serve to predict the beginning of disease or an imminent relapse. Methods: In this study, serum proteomes (depleted of high-abundance serum proteins) of horses with ERU and healthy controls were compared with the 2-D DIGE (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) technique to identify di...
A novel bioerodible deep scleral lamellar cyclosporine implant for uveitis. To determine the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of an episcleral or deep scleral lamellar sustained release cyclosporine (CsA) device in a naturally occurring animal model of uveitis. Methods: A two-compartment perfusion chamber was used to assess in vitro human and equine scleral permeability of fluorescein, dexamethasone-fluorescein, or CsA. A biodegradable, matrix-reservoir CsA implant was designed, and release rates of CsA were determined in vitro. Tissue CsA levels were measured in eyes with the implant. Horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) received episcleral or deep sclera...
Inter- and intramolecular epitope spreading in equine recurrent uveitis. To test the hypothesis that inter- and intramolecular spreading to S-antigen (S-Ag) and interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP)-derived epitopes occurs in a spontaneous model of recurrent uveitis in the horse. Methods: The immune response of eight horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) was compared with that of five control horses with healthy eyes. Lymphocytes derived from peripheral blood (PBLs) were tested every 8 weeks for their reactivity against S-Ag and various S-Ag and IRBP-derived peptides for 12 to 39 months (median, 22 months). During uveitic episodes, additional bloo...
The uveitogenic potential of retinal S-antigen in horses. To investigate the uveitogenic potential of retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) in horses. Methods: Horses were immunized subcutaneously with S-Ag or BSA as control antigen, emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Simultaneously, Bordetella pertussis was given intravenously. Antigen specific T- and B-cell responses were analyzed in a 3-day interval. Disease development was judged clinically and histopathologically. Two identical booster immunizations were given every 4 weeks to test induction of recurrences. Results: T- and B-cell responses specific for S-Ag were observed in all immunized horses but we...
Immune responses to retinal autoantigens and peptides in equine recurrent uveitis. To test the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms are involved in horses in which equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) develops spontaneously. Methods: Material obtained from horses treated for spontaneous disease by therapeutic routine vitrectomy was analyzed for total IgG content and IgG specific for S-Antigen (S-Ag) and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). The cellular infiltrate of the vitreous was analyzed by differential counts of cytospin preparations and flow cytometry using equine lymphocyte-specific antibodies. Antigen-specific proliferation assays were performed comparing p...
Immunopathology of pineal glands from horses with uveitis. Pinealitis accompanying uveitis is well established in laboratory models of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. In naturally occurring uveitis, pinealitis has been demonstrated in the pineal gland from a mare with active uveitis and is suspected in some human uveitides. We have evaluated pineal glands from horses with various stages of uveitis for signs of immunopathology accompanying spontaneous uveitis. Methods: Pineal glands from 10 horses with uveitis and from 13 horses without uveitis were evaluated for histochemical (H&E, collagen) and immunohistochemical (MHC class II antigen exp...
Susceptibility of corneas from various animal species to in vitro binding and invasion by Acanthamoeba castellanii [corrected]. A crucial requirement for establishing corneal infection by the extracellular protozoal parasite, Acanthamoeba, is the ability of the parasite to bind to the corneal surface. In a series of in vitro studies, we examined the ability of Acanthamoeba castellanii [corrected] to adhere, invade, and damage normal, intact corneas of 11 mammalian and one avian species. A. castellanii [corrected] (80-90% trophozoites and 10-20% cysts) were incubated with corneas for 24 hours in vitro and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results of several independent SEM experiments revealed that parasit...
Congenital stationary night blindness: an animal model. Electroretinographic studies of myctalopic Appaloosa horses demonstrated photopic and scotopic abnormalities similar to those in humans with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) of the Schubert-Bornschein type. The phototopic abnormalities consisted of reduced b-wave amplitudes and slower than normal b-wave implict time. The dark-adapted ERG's consisted of a simple negative potential; the scotopic b-wave was nonrecordable. However, a normal c-wave was present in the dark-adapted response. Histologic studies demonstrated no structural abnormalities that could explain the functional defe...