Topic:Antitoxin
Antitoxins in horses are antibodies that neutralize toxins produced by infectious agents. They are integral to the horse's immune response, providing passive immunity against specific toxins. Antitoxins can be naturally produced by the horse's immune system following exposure to a toxin or administered through therapeutic preparations to counteract toxin effects. Commonly used antitoxins in equine medicine include those targeting tetanus and botulism toxins. The administration of antitoxins can be a preventive measure or a treatment strategy during toxin exposure. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the mechanisms, applications, and efficacy of antitoxins in equine health management.
The Quantitative Changes in the Proteins in the Blood Plasma of Horses in the Course of Immunization. Gravimetric determinations were recorded for the total and several individual proteins (in the sodium oxalate plasma) fractioned with ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride. At precipitation, the plasma salt mixture had been diluted to a final volume of ten times the amount of plasma employed. Coagulations were on aliquot portions of filtrates, and the individual protein constituents (except serumalbumin) were calculated by difference. The eleven horses had been subjected to simultaneous immunization against diphtheria and tetanus toxins, each horse being subsequently continued on the toxin to ...
Active Immunity Produced by So-Called Balanced or Neutral Mixtures of Diphtheria Toxin and Antitoxin. The foregoing and earlier data taken together demonstrate that an active immunity lasting several years can be produced in guinea-pigs, by the injection of toxin-antitoxin mixtures which have no recognizable harmful effect either immediate or remote. They also show, what might have been anticipated, that under the same conditions mixtures which produce local lesions and which, therefore, contain an excess of toxin produce a much higher degree of immunity than the neutral mixtures, and that an excess of antitoxin reduces the possibility of producing an active immunity, and may extinguish it alt...
Comparative Statistics of Antitoxin Horses: A Study of the Records of One Hundred Horses Immunized to Diphtheria Toxin, with Composite of Curves. 1. Better results in the production of diphtheria antitoxin can be obtained with greater experience in the selection of the most suitable type of horses to be used. Young animals are usually to be preferred. Over one-half of all such horses can be made to yield 300-unit serum, while a third will yield (5)oo-unit serum. 2. High-test horses require a shorter time to immunize and will yield a potent serum for a longer period than will low-test horses. 3. The period of usefulness of an antitoxin horse is short, and on an average endures only a few months. 4. A horse having attained a maximal antit...
Serum-Globulin and Diphtheric Antitoxin: A Comparative Study of the Amount of Globulin in Normal and Antitoxic Sera, and the Relation of the Globulins to the Antitoxic Bodies. THE RESULTS OF THE FOREGOING EXPERIMENTS MAY BE BRIEFLY SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: The amount of antitoxic substance obtained by precipitation with magnesium sulphate from the blood-serum of the horse corresponds, as nearly as can be determined by the use of test guinea-pigs, in full to the protective power of the serum from which it is obtained, i. e. the precipitate from 1 cc. of serum will protect against the same amount of toxin as 1 cc. of the serum itself. Equal amounts of the precipitates by magnesium sulphate from immunized and non-immunized horses act differently toward toxin; i. e. the p...
The Fractional Precipitation of the Globulin and Albumin of Normal Horse’s Serum and Diphtheria Antitoxic Serum, and the Antitoxic Strength of the Precipitates. 1. The globulins of both normal and diphtheria antitoxic serum exhibit chemically toward reagents the same reactions, being precipitated by magnesium sulphate and split up into fractions in precisely the same way. 2. All of the diphtheric antitoxic power of both normal and immunized serum is always carried by the globulin and its fractional precipitates. 3. During the fractional precipitation of the serum globulin of horses immunized from diphtheria toxin and horses not immunized from diphtheria toxin, some of the globulin is lost, likewise at the same time some of the antitoxic power of the g...
The Antitoxin Treatment of Distemper or Shipping Fever in Horses. The research article documents a study which found that distemper antitoxin can effectively prevent and treat influenza or shipping fever in horses. Introduction to the Research The research was conducted […]