Topic:Virology
Virology in horses encompasses the study of viruses that affect equine species, including their biology, transmission, and impact on horse health. This field investigates viral pathogens that can lead to a range of diseases, from respiratory infections to neurological disorders. Common viruses affecting horses include equine influenza virus, equine herpesvirus, and West Nile virus. Understanding these viruses involves examining their genetic makeup, modes of transmission, and interactions with the equine immune system. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control measures of viral infections in horses.
Equine herpesviruses: antigenic relationships and deoxyribonucleic acid densities. Equine herpesviruses with a deoxyribonucleic acid density of 1.716 to 1.717 g/cm(3) were compared with one another by the plaque-reduction test and by the rate of development of cytopathic effect as indicated by plaque size in rabbit kidney cultures. Of the 19 isolates studied, the 9 which had already been tentatively labeled equine abortion viruses were serologically similar to one another; each of them grew more quickly than did any of the other 10 isolates although the mean plaque sizes formed a series of gradations with no clear hiatus which would permit the unequivocal delineation of the ...
Equine abortion (herpes) virus: evaluation of markers in a field vaccination trial. Twelve mares were vaccinated with attenuated equine abortion virus (EAV) strain RAC-H. Two nonvaccinated mares served as controls. In at least three mares the vaccination appeared to coincide with a natural infection. This was indicated by characterization of the EAV isolated from nasal secretions of six vaccinated mares, a nonvaccinated control, and also from the lung, spleen, and liver of a fetus aborted by a vaccinated mare. The relative sensitivity of the isolated EAV to dithiothreitol was used to distinguish the RAC-H strain and wild-type virus. Of the 10 EAV isolates, four were recognize...
Isolation and characterization of an equine adenovirus. A viral agent was isolated from lung tissue obtained upon necropsy of an Arabian foal which had exhibited clinical signs of pneumonia. The virus is 75 nm in diameter, cubic in symmetry, and resistant to chloroform and low pH (3.0). It contains deoxyribonucleic acid and has a buoyant density of 1.31 g/cm(3) in cesium chloride. These findings indicate that the virus is a member of the adenovirus group.
Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 42 enteroviruses. This paper describes the preparation of 8 dried pools (designated A to H) of sera. Each pool is composed of 10 or 11 of 42 individual enterovirus equine sera and contains 500 antibody units of each serum component per 0.1 ml. Procedures for using the antiserum pools are given, and guidance is provided for interpreting the results of serum neutralization tests in identifying field isolates.
Diagnosis of mixed infections with myxovirus influenzae A equi 2 and herpes virus equi 1 among Danish stud horses. Examination of nasopharyngeal secretion and organ material from clinical cases of respiratory diseases in horses, using inoculation of embryonated hen eggs and rabbit and horse kidney cell cultures, resulted in the isolation of influenza virus and herpes virus. In 2 cases, both viruses were present in the same specimen. On the basis of the physio-chemical, cytological and serological criteria, the viruses were found to be identical with influenza virus type A equi 2 and herpes virus equi type 1. The methods for serological diagnosis and characterization of the influenza and herpes viruses are ...
WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera; fourth report. This paper summarizes the results of the fourth part of a comprehensive programme undertaken by the WHO International Reference Centre for Enteroviruses and other laboratories for the testing of enterovirus equine antisera prepared for long-term use as reference antisera. The studies were designed to appraise the specificity of the immune serum of horses inoculated with prototype enteroviruses (coxsackievirus types A2, 4, 8, 10, 11, 14-16, 18-21, and 24, and echoviruses E21, 27, 30, 31, and 33). Tests for neutralizing antibody were performed against the homologous viruses and against available...