Analyze Diet
Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde2020; 162(4); 245-256; doi: 10.17236/sat00255

A case series highlighting the role of different gamma-herpesviruses in Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Abstract: This case series describes three cases of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) diagnosed at the Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine at the University of Zurich between 2012 and 2017. Current information on etiology and treatment options are presented. Two horses showed mild signs of chronic lower respiratory tract disease and one horse was presented with acute signs of disease including recurrent fever spikes and tachypnea. Diagnosis was achieved by physical examination, radiographic findings, and PCR testing for equine herpesviruses (EHV) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung tissue obtained by biopsy. All horses were euthanized due to continuing deterioration after attempted treatment. Post mortem histological examination of lung tissue showed severe multifocal diffuse to confluent fibrosis in two cases and in another horse a discrete nodular fibrosis pattern. Panherpes nested PCR revealed the presence of equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) DNA in lung tissue of one horse whereas in two other horses, asinine herpes virus 5 (AHV-5) was detected. EMPF should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with acute and chronic respiratory disease, including horses non-responsive to treatment for equine asthma. Diese Fallserie beschreibt drei Fälle von Equiner multinodulärer pulmonaler Fibrose (EMPF), die zwischen 2012 und 2017 an der Klinik für Innere Medizin für Pferde der Universität Zürich diagnostiziert wurden. Der aktuelle Wissensstand zur Ätiologie und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten werden vorgestellt. Zwei Pferde zeigten leichte Anzeichen einer chronischen Erkrankung der unteren Atemwege. Ein Pferd hatte Anzeichen einer akuten Erkrankung mit Fieberschüben und Tachypnoe. Die Diagnose konnte durch die klinische Untersuchung, radiologische Befunde und die Untersuchung der bronchoalveolären Lavage (BAL) oder Lungenbiopsie auf Equine Herpesviren (EHV) mittels Polymerase Kettenreaktion (PCR) bestätigt werden. Aufgrund der klinischen Verschlechterung mussten alle Pferde euthanasiert werden. Pathohistologische Untersuchungen des Lungengewebes zeigte eine schwere multifokale diffuse bis konfluente Fibrose in zwei Fällen und ein diskretes ­Muster von knotiger Fibrose in einem Fall. Mittels ­Panherpes PCR (Nested PCR) konnte bei einem Pferd DNA von Equinem Herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) und bei zwei Pferden Asinin-Herpesvirus 5 (AHV-5) in der Lunge nachgewiesen werden. Bei Pferden mit akuten und chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen, oder Pferden, die nicht auf die Behandlung von Asthma ansprechen, sollte EMPF als Differenzialdiagnose in Betracht gezogen werden. Cette série de cas décrit trois cas de fibrose pulmonaire multinodulaire équine (EMPF) diagnostiqués à la Clinique de médecine interne équine de l’Université de Zurich entre 2012 et 2017. Des informations actuelles sur l’étiologie et les options de traitement sont présentées. Deux chevaux présentaient de légers signes de maladie chronique des voies respiratoires inférieures et un cheval présentait des signes aigus de maladie, notamment des pics de fièvre récurrents et une tachypnée. Le diagnostic a été obtenu grâce à un examen physique, des résultats radiographiques et des tests PCR pour les virus herpès équins (EHV) du liquide de lavage broncho-alvéolaire (BAL) ou du tissu pulmonaire obtenus par biopsie. Tous les chevaux ont été euthanasiés en raison d’une détérioration continue après une tentative de traitement. L’examen histologique post mortem du tissu pulmonaire a montré une fibrose multifocale diffuse à confluente sévère dans deux cas et chez un cheval un type de fibrose nodulaire discret. La PCR par Panherpes a révélé la présence d’ADN de virus herpès équin 5 (EHV-5) dans le tissu pulmonaire d›un cheval alors que chez deux autres chevaux, le virus de l›herpès asinien 5 (AHV-5) a été détecté. L’EMPF doit être considéré comme un diagnostic différentiel chez les chevaux souffrant d’une maladie respiratoire aiguë et chronique, y compris les chevaux ne répondant pas au traitement de l’asthme équin. In questo studio sono illustrati tre casi di fibrosi polmonare multinodulare equina (EMPF) diagnosticati tra il 2012 e il 2017 presso la clinica di medicina interna equina dell’Università di Zurigo. Le informazioni attuali sull’eziologia e sulle possibilità di trattamento sono descritte. Due cavalli mostravano lievi segni di una malattia cronica delle basse vie respiratorie e un cavallo aveva dei segni acuti della malattia tra cui picchi ricorrenti di febbre e tachipnea. La diagnosi è stata determinata via un esame fisico, i risultati radiografici e un test PCR per gli herpesvirus equini (EHV) del liquido di lavaggio broncoalveolare (BAL) o del tessuto polmonare ottenuto mediante biopsia. Tutti i cavalli sono stati eutanasiati a causa del continuo deterioramento del loro stato dopo il tentativo di trattamento. L’esame istologico post mortem del tessuto polmonare ha evidenziato in due casi una grave fibrosi multifocale diffusa o a confluenza e in un caso un discreto modello di fibrosi. La pan-herpes nested PCR ha rilevato la presenza dell’herpesvirus equino 5 (EHV-5) DNA nel tessuto polmonare in un cavallo mentre negli altri due ha rilevato il virus dell’herpes asinino 5 (AHV-5). La EMPF deve essere quindi presa in considerazione per la diagnosi differenziata nei cavalli che soffrono di una malattia acuta e cronica delle vie respiratorie compresi i casi di cavalli che non rispondono ad un trattamento per l’asma equina.
Publication Date: 2020-04-03 PubMed ID: 32234694DOI: 10.17236/sat00255Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
  • Case Reports

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study looks into three cases of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) that were analysed at the University of Zurich between 2012 and 2017. The paper discusses how two different types of equine herpesviruses (EHV) were identified in the cases and how EMPF could be a concern for horses with both acute and chronic respiratory conditions.

Background

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) is a respiratory disease that affects horses. Its exact causes are not completely understood, but it’s suspected to be related to equine herpesviruses (EHV), particularly EHV-5. In this study, the authors analyzed three cases of horses diagnosed with EMPF. In each case, the horses exhibited symptoms of acute or chronic lower respiratory disease and did not respond to typical treatment. They were all euthanized due to continual worsening of their health.

Methods and Findings

  • The diagnosis of these cases was achieved by physical examination, radiographic findings, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing for equine herpesvirus in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung tissue obtained via biopsy.
  • The post-mortem histological examination of the lung tissues of these horses showed different severity levels of fibrosis: two had severe multifocal diffuse fibrosis; one displayed a discrete nodular fibrosis pattern.
  • In one horse, EHV-5 DNA was found in the lung tissue. In contrast, asinine herpesvirus (AHV-5), which is distinct from EHV, was detected in the other two horses.

Conclusion

The findings of this small series case study suggest that both EHV-5 and AHV-5 could play a role in the development of EMPF. Also, the study emphasizes that EMPF should be considered as a possible diagnosis in horses exhibiting symptoms of acute or chronic respiratory diseases, especially if they are non-responsive to standard treatments.

Cite This Article

APA
Scheurer L, Bachofen C, Herteman N, Hilbe M, Wolfer N, Schoster A. (2020). A case series highlighting the role of different gamma-herpesviruses in Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 162(4), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00255

Publication

ISSN: 1664-2848
NlmUniqueID: 0424247
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 162
Issue: 4
Pages: 245-256

Researcher Affiliations

Scheurer, L
  • Equine Clinic, Department for Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
Bachofen, C
  • Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
Herteman, N
  • Equine Clinic, Department for Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
Hilbe, M
  • Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
Wolfer, N
  • Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
Schoster, A
  • Equine Clinic, Department for Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Euthanasia, Animal
  • Gammaherpesvirinae / genetics
  • Gammaherpesvirinae / physiology
  • Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis / pathology
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis / veterinary
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis / virology

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Scheurer L, Bachofen C, Hardmeier I, Lechmann J, Schoster A. Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses.. Viruses 2021 Aug 25;13(9).
    doi: 10.3390/v13091686pubmed: 34578268google scholar: lookup
  2. Mira F, Canuti M, Di Bella S, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Lelli D, Vicari D, Purpari G, Cannella V, Chiaramonte G, Schirò G, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease.. Viruses 2021 Aug 2;13(8).
    doi: 10.3390/v13081527pubmed: 34452391google scholar: lookup
  3. Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10122203pubmed: 33255568google scholar: lookup