A case series highlighting the role of different gamma-herpesviruses in Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis.
- Case Reports
Summary
The study looks into three cases of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) that were analysed at the University of Zurich between 2012 and 2017. The paper discusses how two different types of equine herpesviruses (EHV) were identified in the cases and how EMPF could be a concern for horses with both acute and chronic respiratory conditions.
Background
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) is a respiratory disease that affects horses. Its exact causes are not completely understood, but it’s suspected to be related to equine herpesviruses (EHV), particularly EHV-5. In this study, the authors analyzed three cases of horses diagnosed with EMPF. In each case, the horses exhibited symptoms of acute or chronic lower respiratory disease and did not respond to typical treatment. They were all euthanized due to continual worsening of their health.
Methods and Findings
- The diagnosis of these cases was achieved by physical examination, radiographic findings, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing for equine herpesvirus in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung tissue obtained via biopsy.
- The post-mortem histological examination of the lung tissues of these horses showed different severity levels of fibrosis: two had severe multifocal diffuse fibrosis; one displayed a discrete nodular fibrosis pattern.
- In one horse, EHV-5 DNA was found in the lung tissue. In contrast, asinine herpesvirus (AHV-5), which is distinct from EHV, was detected in the other two horses.
Conclusion
The findings of this small series case study suggest that both EHV-5 and AHV-5 could play a role in the development of EMPF. Also, the study emphasizes that EMPF should be considered as a possible diagnosis in horses exhibiting symptoms of acute or chronic respiratory diseases, especially if they are non-responsive to standard treatments.
Cite This Article
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Clinic, Department for Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
- Equine Clinic, Department for Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
- Equine Clinic, Department for Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Euthanasia, Animal
- Gammaherpesvirinae / genetics
- Gammaherpesvirinae / physiology
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Pulmonary Fibrosis / diagnostic imaging
- Pulmonary Fibrosis / pathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis / veterinary
- Pulmonary Fibrosis / virology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Scheurer L, Bachofen C, Hardmeier I, Lechmann J, Schoster A. Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses.. Viruses 2021 Aug 25;13(9).
- Mira F, Canuti M, Di Bella S, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Lelli D, Vicari D, Purpari G, Cannella V, Chiaramonte G, Schirò G, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease.. Viruses 2021 Aug 2;13(8).
- Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).