FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res Commun / A critical assessment of pulmonary function testing in exerc...
Veterinary research communications1988; 12(1); 25-39; doi: 10.1007/BF00396401

A critical assessment of pulmonary function testing in exercising ponies.

Abstract: Pulmonary function measurements during exercise were tested for accuracy and reproducibility in 5 saddle ponies weighing 267 +/- 9 Kg. Airflow (V) and tidal volume (VT) were measured with a Fleisch pneumotachograph mounted on a face mask. The linearity of the response and the symmetry of this device were carefully checked. Pleural pressure changes were measured by pleural puncture (Ppl) and with an esophageal balloon catheter (Pes). The elastance of the esophageal wall and the effect of the position of the esophageal catheter tip on Pes were also investigated. Airflow, VT, Ppl, Pes, mask pressure, an electrocardiogram and limb movements were simultaneously recorded before, during and after exercise. These recordings were used to assess the validity of some pulmonary function measurements and to evaluate the influence of the breathing apparatus on the respiratory pattern. Maximal intrathoracic pressure changes and total pulmonary resistance values did not differ significantly when calculated on the basis of the Ppl and the Pes curves respectively. Although the absolute Ppl values were significantly different from the absolute Pes values, both pressures recorded at different workloads were closely correlated (R = 0.99). The mean specific elastance of the esophagus was 1.56 +/- 0.24 kPa.cm.ml.-1. Changes in the position of the esophageal catheter tip induced significant differences in the recorded Pes values. The pressure/flow relationship of the pneumotachograph pressure transducer system was linear within the range of the V measured during exercise. The mask had a significant influence on respiratory frequency and maximum difference in Pes, but did not modify the exercise-induced changes in these parameters. It was concluded that the technique and methods used in this study can allow accurate pulmonary function measurements in exercising ponies.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1988-01-01 PubMed ID: 3176337DOI: 10.1007/BF00396401Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper presents a detailed investigation to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of pulmonary function measurements in exercising ponies. Various techniques were deployed to measure parameters like airflow, tidal volume, and pleural pressure changes, and their influence on the respiratory pattern was evaluated. The experiments concluded that the methodologies used in this study provided accurate pulmonary function measurements in exercising ponies.

Overview of the Study

  • The study focuses on testing pulmonary function in saddle ponies, specifically during exercise. The main parameters observed were airflow, tidal volume, and pleural pressure changes.
  • The ponies’ weight was recorded as an average of 267 +/- 9 Kg for the five saddle ponies. A Fleisch pneumotachograph mounted on a face mask was used to measure the airflow and tidal volume.
  • Various methods were used to measure pleural pressure changes including pleural puncture and an esophageal balloon catheter. The study heavily focuses on checking the linearity, symmetry, and other device responses.

Testing Methods and Results

  • The investigators simultaneously recorded airflow, tidal volume, pleural pressure measurements, mask pressure, an electrocardiogram, and limb movements before, during, and after exercise. The purpose was to evaluate the validity of pulmonary function measurements and assess the breathing apparatus’s impact on the ponies’ respiratory pattern.
  • The paper reports on the comparison between maximal intrathoracic pressure changes and total pulmonary resistance values gathered from the pleural puncture and the esophageal balloon catheter. It was found that both pressures recorded similar results at different workloads.
  • Although the absolute values of pleural pressure were significantly different depending on the method used to record them, the research found them to be closely correlated, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99.

Observations and Conclusion

  • Findings from the investigation revealed that the pressure/flow relationship of the pneumotachograph pressure transducer system was linear within the range of the airflow measured during exercise.
  • Significant differences were recorded in the pleural pressure values when the esophageal catheter tip position was changed. The study also identified that the mask used significantly impacted the ponies’ respiratory frequency and maximum change in pleural pressure.
  • The study concluded the techniques and methodology used are effective in making accurate pulmonary function measurements in ponies during exercise, despite the impact of certain elements such as the mask and catheter position.

Cite This Article

APA
Art T, Lekeux P. (1988). A critical assessment of pulmonary function testing in exercising ponies. Vet Res Commun, 12(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396401

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 0165-7380
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-39

Researcher Affiliations

Art, T
  • Laboratory for Cardio-Pulmonary Functional Investigation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Brussels, Belgium.
Lekeux, P

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Heart Rate
    • Horses / physiology
    • Lung / physiology
    • Physical Exertion
    • Pulmonary Ventilation
    • Respiratory Function Tests / methods
    • Respiratory Function Tests / veterinary
    • Rest

    References

    This article includes 29 references
    1. Gillespie DJ, Lai YL, Hyatt RE. Comparison of esophageal and pleural pressures in the anesthetized dog.. J Appl Physiol 1973 Nov;35(5):709-13.
      pubmed: 4770355doi: 10.1152/jappl.1973.35.5.709google scholar: lookup
    2. Harf A, Atlan G, Lorino H, Deshayes S, Morin C, Laurent D. Correction for nonlinearity of body flow plethysmograph.. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1981 Mar;50(3):658-62.
      pubmed: 7251454doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.50.3.658google scholar: lookup
    3. MILIC-EMILI J, MEAD J, TURNER JM, GLAUSER EM. IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING PLEURAL PRESSURE FROM ESOPHAGEAL BALLOONS.. J Appl Physiol 1964 Mar;19:207-11.
      pubmed: 14155283doi: 10.1152/jappl.1964.19.2.207google scholar: lookup
    4. Rawlings CA, Birnbaum ML, Bisgard GE. Static pulmonary compliance in ponies.. J Appl Physiol 1975 Apr;38(4):657-60.
      pubmed: 1141097doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.38.4.657google scholar: lookup
    5. Derksen FJ, Robinson NE. Esophageal and intrapleural pressures in the healthy conscious pony.. Am J Vet Res 1980 Nov;41(11):1756-61.
      pubmed: 7212405
    6. Derksen FJ, Robinson NE, Slocombe RF, Hill RE. 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary toxicosis in ponies.. Am J Vet Res 1982 Apr;43(4):603-7.
      pubmed: 7073081
    7. FARHI L, OTIS AB, PROCTOR DF. Measurement of intrapleural pressure at different points in the chest of the dog.. J Appl Physiol 1957 Jan;10(1):15-8.
      pubmed: 13405823doi: 10.1152/jappl.1957.10.1.15google scholar: lookup
    8. Gilbert R, Auchincloss JH Jr, Brodsky J, Boden W. Changes in tidal volume, frequency, and ventilation induced by their measurement.. J Appl Physiol 1972 Aug;33(2):252-4.
      pubmed: 5054434doi: 10.1152/jappl.1972.33.2.252google scholar: lookup
    9. Bisgard GE, Forster HV, Byrnes B, Stanek K, Klein J, Manohar M. Cerebrospinal fluid acid-base balance during muscular exercise.. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1978 Jul;45(1):94-101.
      pubmed: 670039doi: 10.1152/jappl.1978.45.1.94google scholar: lookup
    10. FRY DL, STEAD WW, EBERT RV, LUBIN RI, WELLS HS. The measurement of intraesophageal pressure and its relationship to intrathoracic pressure.. J Lab Clin Med 1952 Nov;40(5):664-73.
      pubmed: 12990893
    11. Finucane KE, Egan BA, Dawson SV. Linearity and frequency response of pneumotachographs.. J Appl Physiol 1972 Jan;32(1):121-6.
      pubmed: 5007001doi: 10.1152/jappl.1972.32.1.121google scholar: lookup
    12. Lekeux P, Hajer R, Breukink HJ. Elastic properties of the oesophageal wall in the dynamic measurement of intrathoracic pressure in cattle.. Res Vet Sci 1984 Nov;37(3):366-7.
      pubmed: 6522835
    13. Müller P, Deegen E, Fister D. [Effect of loading on respiration mechanics in horses with healthy and with diseased lungs].. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1983 Jan 1;96(1):1-4.
      pubmed: 6830572
    14. Willoughby RA, McDonell WN. Pulmonary function testing in horses.. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Pract 1979 May;1(1):171-96.
      pubmed: 388831doi: 10.1016/s0196-9846(17)30204-5google scholar: lookup
    15. Lekeux P, Hajer R, Breukink HJ. Pulmonary function testing in calves: technical data.. Am J Vet Res 1984 Feb;45(2):342-5.
      pubmed: 6711959
    16. CHERNIACK RM, FARHI LE, ARMSTRONG BW, PROCTOR DF. A comparison of esophageal and intrapleural pressure in man.. J Appl Physiol 1955 Sep;8(2):203-11.
      pubmed: 13263263doi: 10.1152/jappl.1955.8.2.203google scholar: lookup
    17. Derksen FJ, Robinson NE, Slocombe RF, Riebold TW, Brunson DB. Pulmonary function tests in standing ponies: reproducibility and effect of vagal blockade.. Am J Vet Res 1982 Apr;43(4):598-602.
      pubmed: 7073080
    18. Thomas DP, Fregin GF. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to treadmill exercise in the horse.. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1981 Apr;50(4):864-8.
      pubmed: 7263369doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.864google scholar: lookup
    19. Gillespie JR, Tyler WS, Eberly VE. Pulmonary ventilation and resistance in emphysematous and control horses.. J Appl Physiol 1966 Mar;21(2):416-22.
      pubmed: 5949047doi: 10.1152/jappl.1966.21.2.416google scholar: lookup
    20. ALBRIGHT CD, BONDURANT S. SOME EFFECTS OF RESPIRATORY FREQUENCY ON PULMONARY MECHANICS.. J Clin Invest 1965 Aug;44(8):1362-70.
      pubmed: 14322040doi: 10.1172/JCI105241google scholar: lookup
    21. MILIC-EMILI J, MEAD J, TURNER JM. TOPOGRAPHY OF ESOPHAGEAL PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF POSTURE IN MAN.. J Appl Physiol 1964 Mar;19:212-6.
      pubmed: 14155284doi: 10.1152/jappl.1964.19.2.212google scholar: lookup
    22. Muylle E, Oyaert W. Lung function tests in obstructive pulmonary disease in horses.. Equine Vet J 1973 Jan;5(1):37-44.
      pubmed: 4129095doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1973.tb03191.xgoogle scholar: lookup
    23. FRANK NR, MEAD J, FERRIS BG Jr. The mechanical behavior of the lungs in healthy elderly persons.. J Clin Invest 1957 Dec;36(12):1680-7.
      pubmed: 13491699doi: 10.1172/JCI103569google scholar: lookup
    24. Senterre J, Geubelle F. Measurement of endoesophageal pressure in the newborns.. Biol Neonate 1970;16(1):47-53.
      pubmed: 5506997doi: 10.1159/000240254google scholar: lookup
    25. Mauderly JL. Evaluation of the grade pony as a pulmonary function model.. Am J Vet Res 1974 Aug;35(8):1025-9.
      pubmed: 4851930
    26. Haskins SC, Patz JD. Effects of small and large face masks and translaryngeal and tracheostomy intubation on ventilation, upper-airway dead space, and arterial blood gases.. Am J Vet Res 1986 Apr;47(4):945-8.
      pubmed: 3083738
    27. Forster HV, Pan LG, Bisgard GE, Dorsey SM, Britton MS. Temporal pattern of pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in ponies.. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1984 Sep;57(3):760-7.
      pubmed: 6490461doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.760google scholar: lookup
    28. Askanazi J, Silverberg PA, Foster RJ, Hyman AI, Milic-Emili J, Kinney JM. Effects of respiratory apparatus on breathing pattern.. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1980 Apr;48(4):577-80.
      pubmed: 6769880doi: 10.1152/jappl.1980.48.4.577google scholar: lookup
    29. Derksen FJ, Stick JA, Scott EA, Robinson NE, Slocombe RF. Effect of laryngeal hemiplegia and laryngoplasty on airway flow mechanics in exercising horses.. Am J Vet Res 1986 Jan;47(1):16-20.
      pubmed: 3946898

    Citations

    This article has been cited 3 times.
    1. Crivellari B, Raisis A, Hosgood G, Waldmann AD, Murphy D, Mosing M. Use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to Estimate Tidal Volume in Anaesthetized Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery.. Animals (Basel) 2021 May 10;11(5).
      doi: 10.3390/ani11051350pubmed: 34068514google scholar: lookup
    2. Art T, Lekeux P. Pulmonary mechanics during treadmill exercise in race ponies.. Vet Res Commun 1988;12(2-3):245-58.
      doi: 10.1007/BF00362807pubmed: 3188391google scholar: lookup
    3. Doucet MY, Vrins AA, Ford-Hutchinson AW. Histamine inhalation challenge in normal horses and in horses with small airway disease.. Can J Vet Res 1991 Jul;55(3):285-93.
      pubmed: 1889039
    Subscribe to our newsletter
    Join 99,359 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.