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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025; 14(4); doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14040390

A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs.

Abstract: Background: Although antibiotic resistance is a well-known issue in veterinary medicine, studies proposing real-time therapeutic monitoring (TDM) are lacking. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and rapid protocol for the real-time therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics in horses and dogs. Methods: A reliable TDM protocol should encompass guidelines for the definition of plasma/serum collection time points, sample management by the clinical staff, transportation to the laboratory, and the availability of robust and swift analytical technologies. Ampicillin and sulbactam were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma or serum of animals treated with ampicillin alone or combined with sulbactam. Results: The method was successfully applied to samples collected from animals hospitalized in our veterinary hospital and proved helpful in understanding the pharmacokinetics of this antibiotic in critically ill patients. Conclusions: Combined with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data, this approach enables PK/PD evaluations to support the development of personalized therapeutic strategies and optimized dosing regimens for animals.
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Publication Date: 2025-04-09 PubMed ID: 40298550PubMed Central: PMC12024143DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14040390Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article explains the development of a routine protocol for monitoring the therapeutic effects of beta-lactam antimicrobials in horses and dogs in order to better manage antibiotic resistance.

Objective of the Study

  • The study sought to develop a quick and easy protocol for real-time therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics in horses and dogs. It aimed to ensure that the protocol included guidelines for the collection of plasma/serum, its management by clinical staff, transportation to the lab, and the application of robust, quick analytical technologies. The researchers believed this would help in addressing the known issue of antibiotic resistance in veterinary medicine where available research is considered insufficient.

Methodology

  • In carrying out the study, the antibiotics ampicillin and sulbactam were quantified through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in either the plasma or serum of the animals. This was performed on animals that had been treated with just ampicillin or a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam.

Results

  • The protocol that was developed proved effective when it was applied to samples collected from animals in the researchers’ veterinary hospital. It provided valuable understanding of how this antibiotic, particularly in severely ill animals, behaves pharmacokinetically. This provides a platform for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) evaluations, supporting the development of optimized dosing regimens and personalized therapeutic strategies.

Implications

  • This research protocol shows promise for improving veterinary practice. Enabling real-time monitoring of antibiotic administration, it allows for more effective management of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, it assists in understanding the pharmacokinetics of these antibiotics in patients, leading to improved patient-specific treatment strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Bardhi A, Lanci A, Mannini A, Castagnetti C, Barbarossa A. (2025). A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel), 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040390

Publication

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2079-6382
NlmUniqueID: 101637404
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 4

Researcher Affiliations

Bardhi, Anisa
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
Lanci, Aliai
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
Mannini, Aurora
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
Castagnetti, Carolina
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
Barbarossa, Andrea
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
  • Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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