A modified critical test for the efficacy of pyrantel pamoate for Anoplocephala perfoliata in equids.
Abstract: Aims of this study with 13 equids naturally infected with Anoplocephala perfoliata were to document (i) a critical test with a period of 48 h from treatment to necropsy to assess the efficacy of an anthelmintic against the tapeworm, (ii) the efficacy of pyrantel pamoate oral paste at 13.2 mg pyrantel base/kg body weight, and (iii) the time after treatment when fecal egg counts would best estimate the tapeworm's prevalence in a herd. Feces passed in successive 12-h periods after treatment were examined for tapeworms. At necropsy, tapeworms in equids were identified as attached to the mucosa or unattached and, with a stereoscope, as normal or abnormal. At the time of treatment and at 6-h intervals thereafter, fecal samples were taken for egg counts. The efficacy of pyrantel pamoate was 96.6%; in 1 equid the efficacy was 75.3%, and in 8 it was 100%. "Major fragments" (worms without a scolex) accounted for 10% of the tapeworms recovered; they were not included in the efficacy analysis but should be. In 3 untreated equids necropsied, tapeworms were in the cecum, and 21.3% were detached. This protocol, when compared with a 24-h one without examination of feces, was more efficient in the treatment of trial animals and reduced underestimation and overestimation of an anthelmintic's efficacy. However, a protocol similar to this 48-h critical test but with a 24- or 36-h post-treatment period should be investigated. The mean egg count peaked 18 to 24 h after treatment and the samples taken at that time would provide the best estimate of prevelance of tapeworms in a herd. The Cornell-Wisconsin centrifugal flotation technique had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% at 18 h and 92% and 100%, respectively, at 24 h. Treize chevaux infectés de façon naturelle par Anoplocephala perfoliata ont été suivis dans le but de documenter (i) les résultats d’un test décisionnel avec un délai de 48 heures entre le traitement et la nécropsie pour évaluer l’efficacité d’un anthelmintique contre les vers plats (ii) l’efficacité du pamoate de pyrantel en pâte administré oralement à la dose de 13,2 mg/kg de poids corporel et (iii) le moment après le traitement où le compte des œufs excrétés donnerait la meilleure évaluation de la prévalence du cestode dans le troupeau. Les matières fécales émises sur des périodes successives de 12 heures après le traitement furent examinées pour la présence des cestodes. À la nécropsie des chevaux, les cestodes furent identifiés comme adhérant ou non à la muqueuse et, à l’aide d’un stéréo-microscope, comme normaux ou anormaux. Au moment du traitement et à intervalles de 6 heures par la suite, des échantillons de matières fécales furent prélevés pour effectuer un compte d’œufs. L’efficacité du pamoate de pyrantel s’est située à 96,6 %; elle fut de 75,3 % chez un cheval et de 100 % chez huit autres. Des « gros débris » (vers sans scolex) représentaient 10 % des cestodes récupérés; ils n’ont toutefois pas été inclus dans l’analyse de l’efficacité, même s’ils auraient dû l’être. Chez trois chevaux non traités soumis à la nécropsie, les cestodes se situaient dans le caecum et 21,3 % étaient libres. Ce protocole, lorsqu’on le compare avec un protocole de 24 heures sans examen des matières fécales, présente une efficacité supérieure chez les animaux traités et minimise la sous-estimation ou la sur-estimation de l’efficacité d’un anthelminthique. Toutefois, un protocole similaire à celui présenté ici mais effectué sur des périodes de 24 ou 36 heures suivant le traitement mérite d’être étudié. Il serait utile d’estimer la prévalence 18 à 24 heures suivant le traitement, un moment où le nombre moyen d’œufs excrétés est à son maximum. La technique de flottation par centrifugation Cornell-Wisconsin présente une sensibilité et une spécificité de 100 % à 18 heures, et de 92 % et de 100 % respectivement, à 24 heures suivant le traitement. (Traduit par Docteur Alain Villeneuve)
Publication Date: 2004-06-11 PubMed ID: 15188955PubMed Central: PMC1142154
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates the effectiveness of pyrantel pamoate, a medication used against tapeworms (specifically, Anoplocephala perfoliata), in infected equids. It also explores the best time post-treatment to measure tapeworm prevalence in the herd based on fecal egg counts. The results showed a high efficacy for the drug, and suggest that fecal samples taken 18 to 24 hours post treatment provide the best estimates of tapeworm prevalence in a herd.
Research Objective
- This study aimed to display a critical test assessing the efficacy of an anthelmintic, pyrantel pamoate oral paste, against tapeworms in equids. It also sought to identify the best post-treatment time when fecal egg counts could accurately indicate tapeworm prevalence in a herd.
Methodology
- The study was conducted on 13 equids naturally infected with Anoplocephala perfoliata.
- Following treatment with the anthelmintic, feces passed in sequential 12-hour periods were examined for tapeworms. Necropsy was performed after 48 hours from treatment.
- At the time of treatment and subsequently at 6-hour intervals, fecal samples were extracted for egg count analysis.
- Additionally, any unaccounted tapeworms were studied, despite not being included in the initial efficacy analysis.
Findings
- The efficacy of pyrantel pamoate was determined to be 96.6%, with full efficacy observed in 8 equids.
- “Major fragments” (worms without a scolex) represented 10% of the recovered tapeworms. These were initially not included in the efficacy analysis, but the researchers suggest their inclusion in future studies.
- The peak mean egg count, indicative of tapeworm prevalence in a herd, was observed 18 to 24 hours after treatment. Fecal samples taken within this period provided the most accurate estimate of prevalence.
- The Cornell-Wisconsin centrifugal flotation technique performed with 100% sensitivity and specificity at 18 hours post-treatment, reducing slightly to 92% sensitivity at 24 hours (specificity remained 100%).
Conclusion
- The study confirms the high efficacy of pyrantel pamoate against tapeworms in equids, and it recommends conducting fecal egg count 18 to 24 hours after treatment to estimate the prevalence of tapeworms in a herd accurately.
- The authors propose future research to investigate a protocol similar to this 48-hour critical test but with a shorter post-treatment period of 24 or 36 hours.
Cite This Article
APA
Slocombe JO.
(2004).
A modified critical test for the efficacy of pyrantel pamoate for Anoplocephala perfoliata in equids.
Can J Vet Res, 68(2), 112-117.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario. oslocombe@uoguelph.ca
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antinematodal Agents / pharmacology
- Antinematodal Agents / therapeutic use
- Cestoda / drug effects
- Cestoda / growth & development
- Cestode Infections / drug therapy
- Cestode Infections / epidemiology
- Cestode Infections / parasitology
- Cestode Infections / veterinary
- Feces / parasitology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / parasitology
- Horses
- Male
- Parasite Egg Count / veterinary
- Prevalence
- Pyrantel Pamoate / pharmacology
- Pyrantel Pamoate / therapeutic use
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Girisgin O, Gülegen E, Girisgin AO, Cirak VY. Potassium carbonate as an alternative solution for detecting Anoplocephalid eggs in horse faecal samples. BMC Vet Res 2025 Dec 22;22(1):30.
- Matthews JB, Peczak N, Lightbody KL. The Use of Innovative Diagnostics to Inform Sustainable Control of Equine Helminth Infections. Pathogens 2023 Oct 11;12(10).
- Alavi SE, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H. Anthelmintics for drug repurposing: Opportunities and challenges. Saudi Pharm J 2021 May;29(5):434-445.
- Jürgenschellert L, Krücken J, Austin CJ, Lightbody KL, Bousquet E, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Investigations on the occurrence of tapeworm infections in German horse populations with comparison of different antibody detection methods based on saliva and serum samples. Parasit Vectors 2020 Sep 10;13(1):462.
- Getachew AM, Innocent G, Proudman CJ, Trawford A, Feseha G, Reid SW, Faith B, Love S. Field efficacy of praziquantel oral paste against naturally acquired equine cestodes in Ethiopia. Parasitol Res 2013 Jan;112(1):141-6.
- Elsener J, Villeneuve A. Does examination of fecal samples 24 hours after cestocide treatment increase the sensitivity of Anoplocephala spp. detection in naturally infected horses?. Can Vet J 2011 Feb;52(2):158-61.
- Slocombe JO, Coté JF, de Gannes RV. The persistence of benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomes on horse farms in Ontario over 10 years and the effectiveness of ivermectin and moxidectin against these resistant strains. Can Vet J 2008 Jan;49(1):56-60.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Collins SS. Field studies on endoparasites of Thoroughbred foals on seven farms in central Kentucky in 2004. Parasitol Res 2006 Apr;98(5):496-500.
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