A novel Salmonella genomic island 1 and rare integron types in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses in The Netherlands.
Abstract: To investigate the genotypic resistance of integron-carrying Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses and their genetic relationship. Methods: Sixty-one Salmonella isolates were screened for the presence of class 1 integrons by PCR. The gene cassettes of integron-positive isolates were detected by PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism typing, and sequencing. The potential for the transfer of resistance determinants was investigated by conjugation experiments. The presence of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) or its variants was studied by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. PFGE was used to genotype the isolates. Results: Eight distinct XbaI-PFGE profiles and seven integron types were observed among 26 integron-carrying Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. The gene cassettes detected were dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA14, aadA1, aadA2, aadB and bla(PSE). A rare type of integron found in nine isolates carried the dfrA14 and aadA1 gene cassettes. Twelve Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 isolates contained SGI1 or one of its variants (SGI1, SGI1-B and SGI1-C). A novel variant of SGI1, designated SGI1-M, was identified in one isolate in which the aadA2 gene of SGI1 was replaced by the aadB gene. Transfer of integrons and antimicrobial resistance determinants to Escherichia coli K12 via conjugation was possible with nine isolates. Resistance to fluoroquinolones in nine isolates was caused by mutations in the gyrA gene leading to the amino acid changes Ser-83 --> Ala and Asp-87 --> Asn. Conclusions: The integron-positive clinical Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses belong to distinct strains. The data demonstrate the capability of Salmonella Typhimurium to acquire additional antibiotic resistance determinants and underline the need for the prudent use of antimicrobials.
Publication Date: 2007-02-09 PubMed ID: 17293368DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl531Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study investigates the genetic resistance of specific Salmonella Typhimurium strains found in horses in Netherlands, specifically focusing on the presence of integrons (gene transfer elements) and their implications for antibiotic resistance.
Research Methodology
- The researchers elected to study a total of sixty-one Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, specifically looking for the presence of class 1 integrons through polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- They then proceeded to detect gene cassettes in isolates, which tested positive for integrons using PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, and sequencing. The gene cassettes are essential parts of integrons and can carry antibiotic resistance genes.
- The possibility of transferring resistance factors between bacteria was explored via conjugation experiments—a form of DNA transfer in bacteria.
- The research team also searched for the presence of the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) or variants thereof, using PCR and nucleotide sequencing. SGI1 is a well-known region in the Salmonella genome associated with antibiotic resistance.
- Lastly, they used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), a highly sensitive method for separating DNA fragments, to genotype the isolates and establish their genetic diversity.
Research Findings
- Among the twenty-six isolates carrying integrons, researchers found eight distinct XbaI-PFGE profiles and seven different styles of integrons.
- The gene cassettes they detected included dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA14, aadA1, aadA2, aadB, and bla(PSE). Notably, a rare type of integron carrying the dfrA14 and aadA1 gene cassettes was found in nine isolates.
- The presence of a variant of SGI1, named SGI1-M, was detected in one isolate—in this variant, the aadA2 gene has been replaced by the aadB gene. In general, twelve Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 isolates contained SGI1 or one of its variants.
- The team also highlighted that the transfer of integrons and antimicrobial resistance determinants to Escherichia coli K12 was possible with nine isolates, showing the potential for cross-species transmission of resistance elements.
- Moreover, resistance to fluoroquinolones in nine isolates is due to mutations in the gyrA gene, causing certain amino acid changes.
Conclusions
- The research concluded that the integron-positive clinical Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses belong to distinct strains. This observation strongly suggests a varied pattern of antibiotic resistance in these bacterial populations.
- The results demonstrated Salmonella Typhimurium’s ability to acquire additional antibiotic resistance determinants, highlighting the importance of the careful and judicious use of antimicrobials to prevent the rise of drug resistance.
Cite This Article
APA
Vo AT, van Duijkeren E, Fluit AC, Gaastra W.
(2007).
A novel Salmonella genomic island 1 and rare integron types in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses in The Netherlands.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 59(4), 594-599.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl531 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blotting, Southern
- Conjugation, Genetic
- DNA Gyrase / genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
- Escherichia coli / genetics
- Genes, Bacterial / genetics
- Genomic Islands / genetics
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses / microbiology
- Integrons / genetics
- Plasmids / genetics
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Salmonella Infections, Animal / microbiology
- Salmonella typhimurium / genetics
Citations
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- Mitchell SW, Moran RA, Elbourne LDH, Chapman B, Bull M, Muscatello G, Coleman NV. Impacts of Domestication and Veterinary Treatment on Mobile Genetic Elements and Resistance Genes in Equine Fecal Bacteria.. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023 Mar 29;89(3):e0159022.
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