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Emerging microbes & infections2022; 11(1); 2570-2578; doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2134055

A One Health view of the West Nile virus outbreak in Andalusia (Spain) in 2020.

Abstract: Reports of West Nile virus (WNV) associated disease in humans were scarce in Spain until summer 2020, when 77 cases were reported, eight fatal. Most cases occurred next to the Guadalquivir River in the Sevillian villages of Puebla del Río and Coria del Río. Detection of WNV disease in humans was preceded by a large increase in the abundance of in the neighbourhood of the villages where most human cases occurred. The first WNV infected mosquitoes were captured approximately one month before the detection of the first human cases. Overall, 33 positive pools of and one pool of were found. Serology of wild birds confirmed WNV circulation inside the affected villages, that transmission to humans also occurred in urban settings and suggests that virus circulation was geographically more widespread than disease cases in humans or horses may indicate. A high prevalence of antibodies was detected in blackbirds () suggesting that this species played an important role in the amplification of WNV in urban areas. was the main vector of WNV among birds in natural and agricultural areas, while its role in urban areas needs to be investigated in more detail. may have played some role as bridge vector of WNV between birds and humans once the enzootic transmission cycle driven by occurred inside the villages. Surveillance of virus in mosquitoes has the potential to detect WNV well in advance of the first human cases.
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Publication Date: 2022-10-11 PubMed ID: 36214518PubMed Central: PMC9621199DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2134055Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study analyzes the outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) disease in Andalusia, Spain in 2020, noting a surge in human cases relating to increased interaction with mosquitoes, particularly in urban areas close to the Guadalquivir River. Insights suggest that advanced surveillance of mosquitoes may catch outbreaks before human cases appear.

Research Context

  • The study was motivated by a sharp rise in human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) disease in the summer of 2020 in Spain, primarily in the Sevillian villages of Puebla del Río and Coria del Río located near the Guadalquivir River. Previously, reports of the disease in humans were infrequent in Spain.

Methodology and Findings

  • The researchers observed an outcry in abundance of mosquitoes around the villages where major human cases appeared. This increase was noticed about a month prior to the discovery of the first human cases.
  • Through their investigation, they detected WNV in 33 positive pools of mosquitoes and one additional mosquito pool. This highlights the role of these insects in transmitting the disease.
  • The researchers conducted serology tests on wild birds and confirmed that WNV was circulating within the affected villages. This indicates that there was transmission to humans in urban environments and that the virus may have been more geographically widespread than originally suspected based on human or horse disease cases.
  • The high prevalence of antibodies in blackbirds suggests that this species significantly contributed to the amplification of WNV in urban areas.
  • The research suggests that while one type of mosquito species played a central role in transmitting WNV among birds in natural and agricultural regions, its function in urban territories needs to be scrutinized more meticulously. Another species of mosquito might have played a role as a bridge vector of WNV transmission between birds and humans.

Implications and Conclusion

  • The findings urge further detailed investigations into the role of different mosquito species in transmitting the WNV, especially within urban landscapes.
  • Findings suggest there may be potential benefit in surveilling virus presence in mosquitoes to detect an outbreak of WNV disease before it is identifiable in humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Figuerola J, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Ruíz-López MJ, Llorente F, Ruiz S, Hoefer A, Aguilera-Sepúlveda P, Jiménez-Peñuela J, García-Ruiz O, Herrero L, Soriguer RC, Fernández Delgado R, Sánchez-Seco MP, Martínez-de la Puente J, Vázquez A. (2022). A One Health view of the West Nile virus outbreak in Andalusia (Spain) in 2020. Emerg Microbes Infect, 11(1), 2570-2578. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2134055

Publication

Emerging microbes & infections
ISSN: 2222-1751
NlmUniqueID: 101594885
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 2570-2578

Researcher Affiliations

Figuerola, Jordi
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Jiménez-Clavero, Miguel Ángel
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Ruíz-López, María José
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Llorente, Francisco
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.
Ruiz, Santiago
  • Servicio de Control de Mosquitos de la Diputación Provincial de Huelva, Ctra. Hospital Infanta Elena, Huelva, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Hoefer, Andreas
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
  • European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
Aguilera-Sepúlveda, Pilar
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.
Jiménez-Peñuela, Jéssica
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
García-Ruiz, Olaya
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Herrero, Laura
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
Soriguer, Ramón C
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Fernández Delgado, Raúl
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.
Sánchez-Seco, María Paz
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
  • CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
Martínez-de la Puente, Josué
  • Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Vázquez, Ana
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Horses
  • West Nile virus / genetics
  • One Health
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Mosquito Vectors
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • Culex
  • Culicidae
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Birds

Conflict of Interest Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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