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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(5); doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050587

A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial Comparing a Short-Term Perioperative Prophylaxis Regimen to a Long-Term Standard Protocol in Equine Colic Surgery.

Abstract: For surgical interventions classified as clean or clean-contaminated, including laparotomy, guidelines in human and veterinary medicine recommend a short-term perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP). In equine colic surgery, however, PAP commonly exceeds 24 h. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare a single-shot to a 5-day lasting PAP considering surgical site infections (SSI) and other adverse effects probably associated with the particular antimicrobial regimen. Methods: The study was designed as a randomised non-inferiority pilot study including horses subjected to colic surgery while receiving one of two distinct PAP regimens. Methods: All horses (n = 67) included in the study received the standard physical examination before and after surgery. Colic surgery was performed according to the current standard of the clinic. Horses were randomly assigned to two groups, receiving either the "single-shot" or the "5-day lasting" antibiotic prophylaxis. The "single-shot" group (n = 30) received penicillin and gentamicin only once before and, if needed, during surgery, whereas the "5-day lasting" group (n = 37) received antibiotics for five days. In addition to the standard laboratory examinations, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen were determined preoperatively and during five days after surgery. SSI, postoperative colitis and haemolytic anaemia were classified as postoperative complications potentially related to antibiotic use. Results: The outcome of this preliminary non-inferiority clinical trial showed that the occurrence of postoperative adverse events (i.e., SSI, postoperative colitis and haemolytic anaemia) lacked significant differences between the study groups. Main limitations: The main limitations of this study are the limited group sizes and our inability to blind the study. Conclusions: Single-shot PAP seems to be an alternative approach considering the 5-day lasting protocol commonly used in equine abdominal surgery. However, a proper hygiene management together with a close clinical and laboratory monitoring of the equine patient is indispensable.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-16 PubMed ID: 34065712PubMed Central: PMC8156649DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050587Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about a comparative study of short-term (single-shot) and long-term (5-day) perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in equine colic surgery. The preliminary outcomes indicate that both approaches presented similar rates of postoperative adverse events, suggesting that the single-shot approach may be a viable alternative.

Objective and Methodology

  • The aim of this research was to determine if a single shot of antibiotic (short-term perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis – PAP) could be as effective as a 5-day long antibiotic regimen in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) and other adverse effects related to the antibiotics.
  • The researchers designed a randomised non-inferiority pilot study, where they divided 67 horses undergoing colic surgery into two groups.
  • Physical examinations were performed on all the horses before and after the surgery.
  • In addition to the standard lab exams, levels of serum amyloid A and fibrinogen were measured preoperatively and up to five days post-surgery.
  • Postoperative complications, such as SSIs, postoperative colitis and haemolytic anaemia, were identified and classified as potential outcomes of antibiotic use.

Procedure

  • Horses were divided into two groups, with one group (30 horses) receiving a “single-shot” antibiotic prophylaxis, and the other (37 horses) undergoing a “5-day lasting” antibiotic treatment. These antibiotics consisted of penicillin and gentamicin.
  • The group receiving the short-term treatment were administered the antibiotics once before the operation and during the surgery if needed. The other group was given antibiotics for five consecutive days.

Results

  • The study found that the occurrence of postoperative adverse events (i.e., surgical site infection, postoperative colitis and haemolytic anaemia) showed no significant difference between the two study groups.

Limitations and Conclusions

  • The limitations of this study include the small sample size and the lack of blinding.
  • However, the results suggest that a single-shot antibiotic prophylaxis could be a viable alternative to the usual 5-day protocol in abdominal surgery for horses. Despite the findings, the authors emphasise the importance of proper hygiene management and the necessity of close clinical and laboratory monitoring of the horse patients.

Cite This Article

APA
Stöckle SD, Kannapin DA, Kauter AML, Lübke-Becker A, Walther B, Merle R, Gehlen H. (2021). A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial Comparing a Short-Term Perioperative Prophylaxis Regimen to a Long-Term Standard Protocol in Equine Colic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel), 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050587

Publication

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2079-6382
NlmUniqueID: 101637404
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 5

Researcher Affiliations

Stöckle, Sabita Diana
  • Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Kannapin, Dania A
  • Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Kauter, Anne M L
  • Robert Koch Institute, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Lübke-Becker, Antina
  • Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Walther, Birgit
  • Robert Koch Institute, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Merle, Roswitha
  • Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.

Grant Funding

  • 01KI1727F and 01KI1727D / Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests. This study contains data of the so-far unpublished dissertation of D. A. Kannapin.

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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