A pilot study on an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Abstract: The attenuated Chinese equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine has successfully protected millions of equine animals from EIA disease in China. In this pilot study, to determine whether this attenuated vaccine can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies, we immunized four horses with the attenuated Chinese vaccine strain EIAVFDDV and then observed the evolution of neutralizing antibodies against different EIAV strains. During the vaccination phase, all vaccinees rapidly developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the homologous vaccine strain (pLGFD3V), and 3 out of 4 horses showed a gradual increase in serum neutralizing activity against two relatively heterologous virulent variants of the challenge strain (pLGFD3Mu12V and DLV34). After challenge, the three horses that had developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against pLGFD3Mu12V and DLV34 did not show signs of infection, which was demonstrated by immune suppression, while the one horse producing serum that could only neutralize pLGFD3V developed a febrile episode during the 8-month observation period. To assess whether the broadly neutralizing activity is associated with immune protection, sera drawn on the day of challenge from these four vaccinees and an additional four EIAVFDDV-vaccinated horses were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies against pLGFD3V, pLGFD3Mu12V and DLV34. Although there was no significant correlation between protection from infection and serum neutralizing activity against any of these three viral strains, protection from infection was observed to correlate better with serum neutralizing activity against the two heterologous virulent strains than against the homologous vaccine strain. These data indicate that EIAVFDDV induced broadly neutralizing antibodies, which might confer enhanced protection of vaccinees from infection by the challenge virus.
Publication Date: 2011-04-17 PubMed ID: 21499906DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-0992-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigated the effectiveness of a Chinese vaccine for the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), finding that it stimulated the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies, which may improve immunity against different virus strains.
Objective and Methodology of the Research
- The primary goal was to assess whether the attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine could elicit the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. In other words, it aimed to determine if the vaccine could trigger antibodies that can neutralize a variety of strains of the EIAV.
- This was an experimental study where four horses were immunized with the attenuated Chinese vaccine strain EIAVFDDV.
- Following the administration of the vaccine, the researchers observed the evolution of neutralizing antibodies against more than one EIAV strain (heterologous controversy).
Vaccination Phase Observations
- All vaccinated horses quickly developed a high level of neutralizing antibodies against the homologous vaccine strain (pLGFD3V) during the vaccination phase.
- Three of the four horses exhibited a gradual increase in the neutralizing activity in their serum against two relatively heterologous virulent variants of the challenge strain (pLGFD3Mu12V and DLV34).
Post-Challenge Observations
- After introducing the challenge strain, three of the four horses—those that had generated high levels of neutralizing antibodies to pLGFD3Mu12V and DLV34—did not show infection symptoms.
- In contrast, the one horse whose serum had only neutralizing effect on pLGFD3V underwent a fever episode during the 8-month observation period post-challenge.
Assessing the Correlation between Antibodies and Immune Protection
- The researchers assessed the correlation between broadly neutralizing activity and immune protection. They studied sera sampled on the challenge day from the four vaccinated horses, plus an additional four horses likewise vaccinated with EIAVFDDV.
- They analyzed these samples for their neutralizing antibodies against pLGFD3V, pLGFD3Mu12V, and DLV34.
- The study did not solidly equate protection from infection and serum neutralizing activity. However, better correlation was observed between protection from infection and serum neutralizing activity against the two heterologous virulent strains than with the homologous vaccine strain.
Conclusion
- From these findings, the researchers concluded that the EIAVFDDV vaccine stimulated the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Thus, this could improve immunity against various strains of the virus.
Cite This Article
APA
Meng Q, Lin Y, Ma J, Ma Y, Zhao L, Li S, Liang H, Zhou J, Shen R, Zhang X, Shao Y.
(2011).
A pilot study on an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Arch Virol, 156(8), 1455-1462.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-011-0992-1 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206, Beijing, China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
- Equine Infectious Anemia / blood
- Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / classification
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Pilot Projects
- Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Shao Y, Liu Y, Hao Y, Xu J, Li T, Wu H, Zhang T, Wu L, Wang S, Li D, Ren L, Wu Y. China CDC's HIV/AIDS Vaccine Efforts, from Basic Research to Clinical Studies. China CDC Wkly 2020 Nov 27;2(48):929-932.
- Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).
- Tang YD, Na L, Zhu CH, Shen N, Yang F, Fu XQ, Wang YH, Fu LH, Wang JY, Lin YZ, Wang XF, Wang X, Zhou JH, Li CY. Equine viperin restricts equine infectious anemia virus replication by inhibiting the production and/or release of viral Gag, Env, and receptor via distortion of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Virol 2014 Nov;88(21):12296-310.
- Ma J, Wang SS, Lin YZ, Liu HF, Liu Q, Wei HM, Wang XF, Wang YH, Du C, Kong XG, Zhou JH, Wang X. Infection of equine monocyte-derived macrophages with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain induces a strong resistance to the infection by a virulent EIAV strain. Vet Res 2014 Aug 9;45(1):82.
- Reina R, de Andrés D, Amorena B. Immunization against small ruminant lentiviruses. Viruses 2013 Aug 2;5(8):1948-63.
- Meng Q, Lin Y, Ma J, Ma Y, Zhao L, Li S, Yang K, Zhou J, Shen R, Zhang X, Shao Y. A pilot study comparing the development of EIAV Env-specific antibodies induced by DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines and an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine. Viral Immunol 2012 Dec;25(6):477-84.
- Attreed SE, Silva C, Rodriguez-Calzada M, Heimroth RD, Oldakowski M, Stenfeldt C, Azzinaro P, Spinard E, Mogulothu A, Mueller S, Taillon B, Arzt J, Rieder E, de Los Santos T, Díaz-San Segundo F, Medina GN. Live-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine engineered by codon deoptimization induces a strong protective immune response in cattle. NPJ Vaccines 2026 Jan 24;11(1):48.
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