A proviral derivative from a reference attenuated EIAV vaccine strain failed to elicit protective immunity.
Abstract: To investigate essential factors that determine the efficacy of vaccines against lentiviruses, an effective attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine strain and a proviral derivative of the vaccine were compared with respect to differences in inducing protective immunity. Although these two strains replicated equally well in vitro and in vivo, the proviral strain induced significantly less protection from disease and infection caused by viral challenge and significantly lower specific neutralizing capability. These findings indicated that the proviral strain had lost the ability to stimulate immune protection compared to the parental vaccine strain. A further analysis of the envelope gp90 gene variation revealed that compared to the proviral strain, the vaccine strain displayed a wide sequence diversity in immunogen composition. Thus, we inferred that the differences in immunogen composition might be the major cause for the failure of the proviral derivative to elicit the immune protection induced by the parental strain.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2010-11-20 PubMed ID: 21094511DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.032Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Disease
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Infectious Anemia
- Genetics
- Immunization
- Immunology
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Vaccine development
- Virus
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The study discovered that a proviral strain of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was not as effective as a traditional vaccine strain in providing protection against the disease, suggesting variations in immunogen composition could influence vaccine efficacy.
Comparing Attenuated EIAV Vaccine Strain and Proviral Derivative
- The research aimed to draw a contrast between the EIAV vaccine strain and its proviral derivative, in terms of their efficiency in evoking immune protection. The investigation helps in understanding the significant factors that determine the capability of vaccines to combat lentiviruses.
- Both these strains replicated equally well when tested in vitro (outside a living organism) and in vivo (within a living organism). However, the proviral strain was associated with notably lower protection from disease and infection after exposure to a viral challenge.
- The proviral strain also displayed a significantly lower neutralizing capability, pointing to its diminished ability to arouse effective immune protection in comparison to the original vaccine strain.
Analyzing Envelope gp90 Gene Variation
- A deeper examination of the variation in the envelope gp90 gene, a critical part of the virus that interacts with the host’s immune system, was conducted. This gene’s variation can potentially affect the efficiency of the vaccine strain. In other words, the variation may render a particular strain either successful or unsuccessful in provoking immune protection.
- The vaccine strain demonstrated a wider sequence diversity in immunogen composition when compared to the proviral strain. This means that the proviral strain is not as genetically diverse as the vaccine strain, at least in term of the gp90 gene.
Impact of Variation in Immunogen Composition
- From the observations made in this research, it was concluded that the major cause of failure of the proviral derivative to induce immune protection like its parental strain (the EIAV vaccine) might be the variations in immunogen composition. Immunogens are substances that provoke an immune response.
- This suggests that preserving a broad level of genetic diversity, particularly in regards to the envelope gp90 gene and immunogen composition, may be critical for maintaining the effectiveness of a vaccine.
Cite This Article
APA
Ma J, Shi N, Jiang CG, Lin YZ, Wang XF, Wang S, Lv XL, Zhao LP, Shao YM, Kong XG, Zhou JH, Shen RX.
(2010).
A proviral derivative from a reference attenuated EIAV vaccine strain failed to elicit protective immunity.
Virology, 410(1), 96-106.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.032 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Livestock Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Cloning, Molecular
- Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
- Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
- Female
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
- Male
- Proviruses / immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines
- Virulence
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Duan Y, Wang X, Sun K, Lin Y, Wang X, Chen K, Yang G, Wang X, Du C. SYNJ2BP Improves the Production of Lentiviral Envelope Protein by Facilitating the Formation of Mitochondrion-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane.. J Virol 2022 Oct 26;96(20):e0054922.
- Lin Y, Wang XF, Wang Y, Du C, Ren H, Liu C, Zhu D, Chen J, Na L, Liu D, Yang Z, Wang X. Env diversity-dependent protection of the attenuated equine infectious anaemia virus vaccine.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):1309-1320.
- Bai B, Wang XF, Zhang M, Na L, Zhang X, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang X. The N-glycosylation of Equine Tetherin Affects Antiviral Activity by Regulating Its Subcellular Localization.. Viruses 2020 Feb 16;12(2).
- Liu C, Wang XF, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhong Z, Lin Y, Wang X. Characterization of EIAV env Quasispecies during Long-Term Passage In Vitro: Gradual Loss of Pathogenicity.. Viruses 2019 Apr 24;11(4).
- Wang HN, Rao D, Fu XQ, Hu MM, Dong JG. Equine infectious anemia virus in China.. Oncotarget 2018 Jan 2;9(1):1356-1364.
- Wang XF, Liu Q, Wang YH, Wang S, Chen J, Lin YZ, Ma J, Zhou JH, Wang X. Characterization of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Long Terminal Repeat Quasispecies In Vitro and In Vivo.. J Virol 2018 Apr 15;92(8).
- Han X, Zhang P, Yu W, Xiang W, Li X. Amino acid mutations in the env gp90 protein that modify N-linked glycosylation of the Chinese EIAV vaccine strain enhance resistance to neutralizing antibodies.. Virus Genes 2016 Dec;52(6):814-822.
- Wang XF, Lin YZ, Li Q, Liu Q, Zhao WW, Du C, Chen J, Wang X, Zhou JH. Genetic Evolution during the development of an attenuated EIAV vaccine.. Retrovirology 2016 Feb 3;13:9.
- Zhang Z, Ma J, Zhang X, Su C, Yao QC, Wang X. Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Gag Assembly and Export Are Directed by Matrix Protein through trans-Golgi Networks and Cellular Vesicles.. J Virol 2016 Feb 15;90(4):1824-38.
- Liu Q, Wang XF, Ma J, He XJ, Wang XJ, Zhou JH. Characterization of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Integration in the Horse Genome.. Viruses 2015 Jun 19;7(6):3241-60.
- Du C, Ma J, Liu Q, Li YF, He XJ, Lin YZ, Wang XF, Meng QW, Wang X, Zhou JH. Mice transgenic for equine cyclin T1 and ELR1 are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus infection.. Retrovirology 2015 Apr 28;12:36.
- Ma J, Wang SS, Lin YZ, Liu HF, Liu Q, Wei HM, Wang XF, Wang YH, Du C, Kong XG, Zhou JH, Wang X. Infection of equine monocyte-derived macrophages with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain induces a strong resistance to the infection by a virulent EIAV strain.. Vet Res 2014 Aug 9;45(1):82.
- Meng Q, Lin Y, Ma J, Ma Y, Zhao L, Li S, Yang K, Zhou J, Shen R, Zhang X, Shao Y. A pilot study comparing the development of EIAV Env-specific antibodies induced by DNA/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccines and an attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccine.. Viral Immunol 2012 Dec;25(6):477-84.
- Patel JR, Heldens JG, Bakonyi T, Rusvai M. Important mammalian veterinary viral immunodiseases and their control.. Vaccine 2012 Feb 27;30(10):1767-81.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
