A Saint Louis encephalitis and Rocio virus serosurvey in Brazilian horses.
Abstract: Arboviruses are an important public health problem in Brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and the Rocio virus (ROCV), are especially problematic. These viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. Methods: A serological survey of horses from various regions of Brazil using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant SLEV domain III peptides and ROCV E protein as antigens. Results: Overall, 415 (55.1%) of the 753 horses that were screened were seropositive for flavivirus and, among them, monotypic reactions were observed to SLEV in 93 (12.3%) and to ROCV in 46 (6.1%). These results suggested that these viruses, or other closely related viruses, are infecting horses in Brazil. However, none of the studied horses presented central nervous system infection symptoms. Conclusions: Our results suggest that SLEV and ROCV previously circulated among horses in northeast, west-central and southeast Brazil.
Publication Date: 2014-09-18 PubMed ID: 25229279DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0117-2014Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study explores the prevalence of Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and Rocio virus (ROCV), two types of arboviruses, in horses across various regions in Brazil.
Methodology & Sampling
- The research collected samples from 753 horses across Brazil and utilized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to detect evidence of flavivirus infections.
- The antigens used in the ELISA test were recombinant peptides from domain III of the SLEV protein and the E protein of the ROCV.
Findings
- Out of the 753 horses, 415 or approximately 55.1% tested positive for flavivirus.
- A more specific breakdown showed monotypic reactions (indicating a single type of virus infection) for SLEV in 93 horses (12.3%) and ROCV in 46 horses (6.1%).
- The presence of these reactions suggests that these viruses or viruses closely related to them are infecting horses in Brazil. Despite this, none of the tested horses showed symptoms of central nervous system infections typically associated with these viruses.
Conclusions
- The results lend support to the idea that SLEV and ROCV have previously circulated among horses in different regions of Brazil, specifically in the northeast, west-central, and southeast parts of the country.
- The researchers emphasize the public health significance of these findings, as these arboviruses pose an important health risk to humans, and horses can serve as significant biological markers for arbovirus activity in the environment.
Through this study, researchers provide further evidence of the presence and circulation of SLEV and ROCV, raising the importance of constant surveillance and control measures to prevent human infections and outbreaks.
Cite This Article
APA
Silva JR, Romeiro MF, Souza WM, Munhoz TD, Borges GP, Soares OA, Campos CH, Machado RZ, Silva ML, Faria JL, Chávez JH, Figueiredo LT.
(2014).
A Saint Louis encephalitis and Rocio virus serosurvey in Brazilian horses.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 47(4), 414-417.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0117-2014 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
- Escola de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazi.
- Academia Militar Agulhas Negras, Resende, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
- Academia Militar Agulhas Negras, Resende, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
- Unidade Acadêmica de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil.
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis / immunology
- Encephalitis, St. Louis / diagnosis
- Encephalitis, St. Louis / epidemiology
- Encephalitis, St. Louis / veterinary
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flavivirus Infections / diagnosis
- Flavivirus Infections / epidemiology
- Flavivirus Infections / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- García-Romero C, Carrillo Bilbao GA, Navarro JC, Martin-Solano S, Saegerman C. Arboviruses in Mammals in the Neotropics: A Systematic Review to Strengthen Epidemiological Monitoring Strategies and Conservation Medicine.. Viruses 2023 Feb 1;15(2).
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