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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equi...
BMC veterinary research2017; 13(1); 128; doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1046-z

A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe.

Abstract: Equine besnoitiosis, caused by Besnoitia bennetti, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), caused by Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi are relevant equine diseases in the Americas that have been scarcely studied in Europe. Thus, a serosurvey of these cystogenic coccidia was carried out in Southern Spain. A cross-sectional study was performed and serum samples from horses (n = 553), donkeys (n = 85) and mules (n = 83) were included. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to identify a Besnoitia spp. infection and positive results were confirmed by an a posteriori western blot. For Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp., infections were detected using in-house ELISAs based on the parasite surface antigens N. hughesi rNhSAG1 and S. neurona rSnSAG2/3/4. Risk factors associated with these protozoan infections were also investigated. Results: Antibodies against Besnoitia spp., Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp. infections were detected in 51 (7.1%), 46 (6.4%) and 20 (2.8%) of 721 equids, respectively. The principal risk factors associated with a higher seroprevalence of Besnoitia spp. were the host species (mule or donkey), the absence of shelter and the absence of a rodent control programme. The presence of rodents was the only risk factor for Neospora spp. infection. Conclusions: This study was the first extensive serosurvey of Besnoitia spp. infection in European equids accomplished by two complementary tests and gives evidence of the presence of specific antibodies in these populations. However, the origin of the infection is still unclear. Further parasite detection and molecular genotyping are needed to identify the causative Besnoitia and Neospora species. Finally, cross-reactions with antibodies directed against other species of Sarcocystis might explain the positive reactions against the S. neurona antigens.
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Publication Date: 2017-05-10 PubMed ID: 28490374PubMed Central: PMC5424396DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1046-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the survey of diseases caused by cystogenic coccidia – mainly Besnoitia, Neospora, and Sarcocystis – in equine species – horses, donkeys, and mules – in Southern Spain. The researchers have noted specific antibodies against Besnoitia in Europe for the first time.

Objective and Methodology

  • The main aim of the study was to understand the occurrence and prevalence of diseases caused by cystogenic coccidia – a group of protozoan parasites – that have been significantly studied in America but less so in Europe.
  • The study was specifically focused on equine besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia bennetti and Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis caused by Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi.
  • The researchers set up a cross-sectional study involving serum samples from horses, donkeys, and mules in Southern Spain. Sampling sizes included 553 horses, 85 donkeys, and 83 mules.
  • They used an in-house Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detecting a Besnoitia spp. infection, and positive results were confirmed using a posteriori western blot. For Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp., they developed and employed in-house ELISAs based on the parasites’ surface antigens.
  • Finally, the researchers aimed to study the risk factors associated with these protozoan infections.

Results and Conclusions

  • The study found that antibodies against Besnoitia spp, Neospora spp, and Sarcocystis spp infections were present in 7.1%, 6.4%, and 2.8% of sampled equids, respectively.
  • The survey determined that host species (horses, donkeys or mules), lack of shelter, and no rodent control programme were significant risk factors for Besnoitia spp. infection.
  • The presence of rodents was the only identifiable risk factor associated with Neospora spp. infection.
  • This study results mark the first extensive serosurvey of Besnoitia spp infection in European equids. The presence of specific antibodies illuminates the prevalence of the disease in the region, although the source of the infection remains uncertain.
  • Further investigations are required to genetically identify the causative Besnoitia and Neospora species. The researchers also noted that the reactions against the S. neurona antigens might be due to cross-reactions with antibodies directed against other species of Sarcocystis.

Cite This Article

APA
Gutiérrez-Expósito D, García-Bocanegra I, Howe DK, Arenas-Montes A, Yeargan MR, Ness SL, Ortega-Mora LM, Álvarez-García G. (2017). A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe. BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1046-z

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 128
PII: 128

Researcher Affiliations

Gutiérrez-Expósito, Daniel
  • SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
  • Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain.
Howe, Daniel K
  • Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0099, USA.
Arenas-Montes, Antonio
  • Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain.
Yeargan, Michelle R
  • Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0099, USA.
Ness, SallyAnne L
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Box 52, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Ortega-Mora, Luis M
  • SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Álvarez-García, G
  • SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. gemaga@vet.ucm.es.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Protozoan / blood
  • Coccidia / immunology
  • Coccidia / isolation & purification
  • Coccidiosis / blood
  • Coccidiosis / immunology
  • Coccidiosis / veterinary
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Neospora
  • Sarcocystidae / immunology
  • Sarcocystidae / isolation & purification
  • Sarcocystis
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Spain

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Citations

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