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Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)1992; 6(6); 951-959; doi: 10.1210/mend.6.6.1379674

A single gene encodes the beta-subunits of equine luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin.

Abstract: Equine (e) CG and LH beta-subunits have identical amino acid sequences, including an extended carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP). This suggests that unlike the corresponding human genes, the beta-subunits of eCG and eLH may be encoded by a single gene and share a common proximal promotor region. To explore this, we isolated and characterized the eLH/CG beta gene(s). Data from Southern analyses suggest that the eCG beta and eLH beta subunits are products of the same single copy gene (eLH/CG beta). Overlapping fragments of the eLH/CG beta gene and cDNA were amplified from equine genomic DNA and pituitary gland mRNA by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. The eLH/CG beta gene spans less than 1.2 kilobase-pairs and has three exons that translate a CTP-containing polypeptide identical in sequence to that previously reported for the mature equine protein. There is, however, little amino acid homology shown between the CTP of human or equine CG beta subunit. In addition, unlike the human genes, the same TATAA-like element appears to be involved in directing initiation of transcription of the eLH/CG beta gene in placenta and anterior pituitary. Based upon these differences, we suggest that the CG beta genes evolved independently in humans and equids and that different mechanisms are involved in their patterns of placenta-specific expression.
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Publication Date: 1992-06-01 PubMed ID: 1379674DOI: 10.1210/mend.6.6.1379674Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article findings highlight that the beta-subunits of equine luteinizing hormone (eLH) and chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) are encoded by the same gene, which is different from the way that human versions of these hormones are encoded. In addition, it suggests that different mechanisms are involved in their patterns of placenta-specific expression in humans and horses.

Objective and Approach of the Research

  • The primary objective of this study was to understand if the beta-subunits of equine luteinizing hormone (eLH) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) are encoded by a single gene and share a common promotor region, which would be different from the corresponding human genes. To achieve this, the research team isolated and characterized the eLH/CG beta gene.
  • This investigation involved amplifying overlapping fragments of the eLH/CG beta gene and complementary DNA from equine genomic DNA and pituitary gland mRNA, which were then cloned and sequenced.

Key Findings of the Study

  • The analysis determined that the beta-subunits of eCG and eLH are indeed products of the same single copy gene, referred to as the eLH/CG beta.
  • The eLH/CG beta gene spans less than 1.2 kilobase-pairs and consists of three exons that encode a polypeptide which contains a carboxyl-terminal peptide.
  • However, there is limited homology in terms of amino acid between the carboxyl-terminal peptide of human and equine CG beta subunit.
  • Another critical difference between the human and equine genes is that the same TATAA-like element is involved in initiating transcription of the eLH/CG beta gene in both the placenta and anterior pituitary in horses, unlike in humans.

Implications of the Research

  • Bearing in mind these findings, the researchers proposed that the CG beta genes in humans and equids have evolved independently.
  • They infer that different mechanisms are at play in their patterns of placenta-specific expression in equids and humans.
  • This research may have significant implications in the understanding of hormone synthesis in different species and could potentially influence treatment approaches in veterinary medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Sherman GB, Wolfe MW, Farmerie TA, Clay CM, Threadgill DS, Sharp DC, Nilson JH. (1992). A single gene encodes the beta-subunits of equine luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin. Mol Endocrinol, 6(6), 951-959. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.6.6.1379674

Publication

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)
ISSN: 0888-8809
NlmUniqueID: 8801431
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Pages: 951-959

Researcher Affiliations

Sherman, G B
  • Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
Wolfe, M W
    Farmerie, T A
      Clay, C M
        Threadgill, D S
          Sharp, D C
            Nilson, J H

              MeSH Terms

              • Amino Acid Sequence
              • Animals
              • Base Sequence
              • Chorionic Gonadotropin / genetics
              • Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human
              • Gene Expression Regulation
              • Genes
              • Horses / genetics
              • Humans
              • Luteinizing Hormone / genetics
              • Molecular Sequence Data
              • Organ Specificity
              • Peptide Fragments / genetics
              • Phylogeny
              • Pituitary Gland, Anterior / metabolism
              • Placenta / metabolism
              • Primates / genetics
              • Primates / metabolism
              • Promoter Regions, Genetic
              • RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
              • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
              • Species Specificity
              • TATA Box
              • Transcription, Genetic

              Grant Funding

              • DK-43039 / NIDDK NIH HHS
              • HD-07138 / NICHD NIH HHS
              • P30-CA-43730 / NCI NIH HHS

              Citations

              This article has been cited 21 times.
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              19. Byambaragchaa M, Kim SG, Park SH, Shin MG, Kim SK, Kang MH, Min KS. Production of Recombinant Single-Chain Eel Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Analogs in Chinese Hamster Ovary Suspension Cell Culture. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024 Jan 5;46(1):542-556.
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