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A systematic review of the immune-modulators Parapoxvirus ovis and Propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of respiratory disease and other infections in the horse.
Abstract: Inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) are currently used in equine medicine as immune-modulators for prophylactic treatment or adjunct to conventional therapy in order to improve immune defences, to prevent or treat infectious diseases. Their mode of action relies on a non-antigen specific interaction with the innate and/or adaptive immune responses. iPPVO stimulates and regulates cytokine secretion by leucocytes, while P. acnes acts primarily through the activation of macrophages. This report aims to describe their activity as immune-modulators and to summarise the scientific literature and reports available about their use in horses, particularly in the prevention or treatment of equine respiratory diseases. This systematic review regroups articles published in peer-review journals, clinical trials reports, conference proceedings and other information made available in the last 2 decades.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2013-02-05 PubMed ID: 23481655DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.01.010Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Systematic Review
Summary
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The research article presents a detailed review of two immune-modulators, Inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), examining their efficacy in preventing respiratory diseases and infections in horses.
Overview of Immune-Modulators iPPVO and P. acnes
- The two compounds, iPPVO and P. acnes, are commonly used in equine medicine as immune-modulators.
- The immune-modulators are used as preventive measures or as supplementary treatment in tandem with conventional treatments.
- Their efficacy hinges on their interaction with the immune system, although this interaction is not antigen-specific.
- Both compounds enhance and bolster the immune defenses of horses to prevent or treat infectious diseases.
Understanding the Functionality of iPPVO and P. acnes
- The mode of action of iPPVO is by stimulating and regulating the secretion of cytokines by leucocytes.
- On the other hand, P. acnes primarily works by activating macrophages.
Objective of the Research Study
- The aim of this report is to describe the functions of iPPVO and P. acnes as immune-modulators.
- It also summarizes available information from scientific literature and reports regarding their use in horses.
- The primary focus is on understanding their role in preventing or treating equine respiratory diseases.
Methodology
- This systematic review gathers and analyzes information from several sources, including articles published in peer-reviewed journals and clinical trial reports.
- It also incorporates data from conference proceedings and other publicly available information from the last two decades.
Cite This Article
APA
Paillot R.
(2013).
A systematic review of the immune-modulators Parapoxvirus ovis and Propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of respiratory disease and other infections in the horse.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 153(1-2), 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.01.010 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Health Trust, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK. romain.paillot@aht.org.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use
- Parapoxvirus / immunology
- Propionibacterium acnes / immunology
- Respiratory Tract Infections / prevention & control
- Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Haycock J, Maehr T, Dastjerdi A, Steinbach F. Immunostimulation of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) blood cells by parapoxvirus ovis and CpG motif-containing bacterial plasmid DNA upregulates innate immune gene expression. Front Immunol 2024;15:1329820.
- Carnet F, Paillot R, Fortier C, Hue ES, Briot L, de Geoffroy F, Vidalain PO, Pronost S. Immunostimulating Effect of Inactivated Parapoxvirus Ovis on the Serological Response to Equine Influenza Booster Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Dec 14;10(12).
- Kraaijvanger R, Veltkamp M. The Role of Cutibacterium acnes in Sarcoidosis: From Antigen to Treatable Trait?. Microorganisms 2022 Aug 15;10(8).
- Bassel LL, Kaufman EI, Alsop SNA, Sergejewich L, Vulikh K, Stinson KJ, Siracusa LR, Buchan J, Hewson J, Sharif S, Caswell JL. The effect of aerosolized bacterial lysate on experimentally induced Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia in calves. Can J Vet Res 2022 Apr;86(2):85-92.
- Brüggemann H, Salar-Vidal L, Gollnick HPM, Lood R. A Janus-Faced Bacterium: Host-Beneficial and -Detrimental Roles of Cutibacterium acnes. Front Microbiol 2021;12:673845.
- Picetti TS, Soveral LF, Miotto R, Erpen LMS, Kreutz Y, Guizzo JA, Frandoloso R, Kreutz LC. Orally administered β-glucan improves the hemolytic activity of the complement system in horses. Vet World 2021 Apr;14(4):835-840.
- Yao X, Pang M, Wang T, Chen X, Tang X, Chang J, Chen D, Ma W. Genomic Features and Evolution of the Parapoxvirus during the Past Two Decades. Pathogens 2020 Oct 27;9(11).
- Palmieri B, Vadalà M, Roncati L, Garelli A, Scandone F, Bondi M, Cermelli C. The long-standing history of Corynebacterium parvum, immunity, and viruses. J Med Virol 2020 Nov;92(11):2429-2439.
- Blanco-Lobo P, Rodriguez L, Reedy S, Oladunni FS, Nogales A, Murcia PR, Chambers TM, Martinez-Sobrido L. A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus. Viruses 2019 Oct 11;11(10).
- Rziha HJ, Büttner M, Müller M, Salomon F, Reguzova A, Laible D, Amann R. Genomic Characterization of Orf Virus Strain D1701-V (Parapoxvirus) and Development of Novel Sites for Multiple Transgene Expression. Viruses 2019 Jan 30;11(2).
- Hue ES, Richard EA, Fortier CI, Fortier GD, Paillot R, Raue R, Pronost SL. Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2017 Sep 19;5(3).
- Rothacker CC, Boyle AG, Levine DG. Autologous vaccination for the treatment of equine sarcoids: 18 cases (2009-2014). Can Vet J 2015 Jul;56(7):709-14.
- Anziliero D, Weiblen R, Kreutz LC, Spilki F, Flores EF. Inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis induces a transient increase in the expression of proinflammatory, Th1-related, and autoregulatory cytokines in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2014 Feb;47(2):110-8.
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