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Viruses2014; 6(11); 4265-4279; doi: 10.3390/v6114265

A unique evolution of the s2 gene of equine infectious anemia virus in hosts correlated with particular infection statuses.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a member of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family that exhibits a genomic structure similar to that of HIV-1. The S2 accessory proteins play important roles in viral replication in vivo and in viral pathogenicity; however, studies on S2 evolution in vivo are limited. This study analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of the S2 gene of a pathogenic EIAV strain, EIAVLN40, in four experimentally infected horses. The results demonstrated that 14.7% (10 of 68 residues) of the stable amino acid mutations occurred longitudinally in S2 during a 150-day infection period. Further analysis revealed that six of the ten mutated residues were positively selected during the infection. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses showed that the S2 gene sequences of viruses isolated from the infected horses at the early stage of EIAVLN40 infection were highly homologous and similar to the vaccine-specific sequence. The S2 gene variants isolated from the febrile episodes and late phase of infection became homologous to the S2 gene sequence of the inoculating EIAVLN40 strain. Our results indicate that the S2 gene evolves in diversity and divergence in vivo in different stages of EIAV infection and that this evolution correlates with the pathogenicity of the virus.
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Publication Date: 2014-11-10 PubMed ID: 25390683PubMed Central: PMC4246221DOI: 10.3390/v6114265Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research studied the evolution of a specific gene (S2 gene) found in the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), a virus similar to HIV that infects horses. It was discovered that this gene changes over time during the course of infection, and these changes are linked to the severity of the disease.

Understanding EIAV and the S2 Gene

  • EIAV is a Lentivirus, a type of virus in the Retroviridae family. It has a similar structure to HIV-1, the virus known to cause AIDS in humans.
  • The S2 gene is part of EIAV and produces what are commonly known as ‘accessory proteins’. These proteins are important for the virus to replicate within a host and they also influence the severity of the disease.

Investigating the Evolution of the S2 Gene

  • The research focused on understanding how the S2 gene evolved in four horses experimentally infected with a particular strain of EIAV (EIAVLN40) over a 150-day period.
  • Through their analysis, they found that about 14.7% of the S2 gene had stable mutations – changes in that specific gene that persisted over time.
  • Out of these mutated gene sequences, six showed positive selection, meaning these alterations enhanced the virus’s ability to survive or reproduce within the host.

Correlation with Disease Severity

  • It was discovered that the S2 gene sequences found in the early stages of infection closely matched the vaccine-specific sequence.
  • However, S2 gene variants found during periods of fever and the later phase of the infection were more similar to the original infecting strain, EIAVLN40. This suggests that the virus adapts and becomes more similar to its original form over time.
  • This implies that the S2 gene’s evolution is diverse and varies within the host, depending on the infection stage. These changes are correlated with the virus’s pathogenicity, its ability to cause disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Wang XF, Wang S, Liu Q, Lin YZ, Du C, Tang YD, Na L, Wang X, Zhou JH. (2014). A unique evolution of the s2 gene of equine infectious anemia virus in hosts correlated with particular infection statuses. Viruses, 6(11), 4265-4279. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6114265

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 11
Pages: 4265-4279

Researcher Affiliations

Wang, Xue-Feng
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. xuefengwang1982@126.com.
Wang, Shuai
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. 8111781252@163.com.
Liu, Qiang
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. liuqiangtriumph@163.com.
Lin, Yue-Zhi
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. sndhr@163.com.
Du, Cheng
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. chengdᦁ@163.com.
Tang, Yan-Dong
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. tangyandong2008@163.com.
Na, Lei
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. nl2zy@163.com.
Wang, Xiaojun
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. xjw@hvri.ac.cn.
Zhou, Jian-Hua
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. jianhua_uc@126.com.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genotype
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / isolation & purification
  • Male
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Selection, Genetic
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Time Factors
  • Viral Proteins / genetics

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Liu C, Wang XF, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhong Z, Lin Y, Wang X. Characterization of EIAV env Quasispecies during Long-Term Passage In Vitro: Gradual Loss of Pathogenicity. Viruses 2019 Apr 24;11(4).
    doi: 10.3390/v11040380pubmed: 31022927google scholar: lookup
  2. Wang XF, Liu Q, Wang YH, Wang S, Chen J, Lin YZ, Ma J, Zhou JH, Wang X. Characterization of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Long Terminal Repeat Quasispecies In Vitro and In Vivo. J Virol 2018 Apr 15;92(8).
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02150-17pubmed: 29386282google scholar: lookup
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