Home Equine Research Bank Anat Histol Embryol Absence of hyaline cartilage in the tongue of ‘Caspian...

Anatomia, histologia, embryologia2006; 35(4); 241-246; doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00673.x

Absence of hyaline cartilage in the tongue of ‘Caspian miniature horse’.

Rezaian, M

Abstract: Histology of the tongue, including apex, root and body, in four adult Caspian miniature horses was examined. Serial sections with 6 mum thickness were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome and studied under light microscope. The tongue was covered by stratified squamous epithelium. It was thick and keratinized bearing numerous lingual papillae on the dorsum, mostly filiform with a very fine keratinized thread projecting above the surface and bending backward. The fungiform papillae were sparsely scattered among the filiform papillae and covered with keratinized squamous epithelium. Few taste buds were detected on it. The two very large vallate papillae were detected on the dorsum, just rostral to the root, which were covered with stratified squamous epithelium with relatively high amounts of taste buds in the epithelium of the surrounding grooves. The foliate papillae were present near the palatoglossal arch and had a few taste buds. The epithelium covering the ventral surface of the tongue was thin and keratinized. The lingual muscle core consisted of transverse, longitudinal and perpendicular bundles of skeletal muscle fibres. Clusters of minor salivary glands were present between the muscle fibres and lamia propria. Most of the lingual glands were mucous and most of the gustatory ones were serous type. The mid-dorsal special structure of the tongue (dorsal lingual cartilage) contained sparse skeletal muscle fibres and was rich in white adipose tissue. Hyaline cartilage, routinely observed in this structure in the horses, was not detected in Caspian miniature horse.

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Publication Date: 2006-07-14 PubMed ID: 16836588DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00673.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup

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This study explores the anatomical structure of the tongue in adult Caspian miniature horses. It was found that unlike the tongues of regular-sized horses, the tongues of Caspian miniature horses do not contain hyaline cartilage.

Research Methodology

The researchers collected tongue samples from four adult Caspian miniature horses.
The samples were sectioned into parts that were 6 micrometers thick.
The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome, chemicals that allow tissues to be seen more clearly under a microscope.
The samples were then observed under a light microscope to study the characteristics and features of the tongue tissues.

Findings on the Tongue’s Outer Layer

The researchers found that the tongue was covered by a thick and keratinized type of tissue called stratified squamous epithelium.
They noted that the tongue had numerous lingual papillae, which are small bumps that give the tongue its rough texture. The majority of these were filiform papillae that had a thin keratinized thread bent backward at the top.
Besides the filiform papillae, they also observed sparsely scattered fungiform papillae that had few taste buds and were covered with keratinized squamous epithelium.
Two large vallate papillae were found near the root of the tongue. These structures had relatively high amounts of taste buds and were also covered by stratified squamous epithelium.
The researchers also observed the presence of foliate papillae near the palatoglossal arch that had only a few taste buds.
The tongue’s underside was covered by a thin, keratinized version of the stratified squamous epithelium.

Findings on the Tongue’s Inner Layer

The tongue’s muscle core was found to be composed of bundles of skeletal muscle fibers arranged in transverse, longitudinal, and perpendicular orientations.
Between the muscle fibers and lamina propria, the researchers found clusters of minor salivary glands.
The salivary glands in the tongue were mainly of the mucous type, while the gustatory ones were mostly the serous type.