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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2014; 78(2); 97-102;

Acute exercise does not induce an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether acute strenuous exercise (1600- to 2500-m race) would elicit an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters. Blood levels of several inflammatory markers [serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen, white blood cell count (WBC), and iron], muscle enzymes [creatinine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST)], and hemoglobin were assessed in 58 Standardbred trotters before and after racing. Hemoglobin levels increased and iron levels decreased 12 to 14 h after racing and haptoglobin concentrations, white blood cell counts, and iron levels were decreased 2 and/or 7 d after racing. Concentrations of CK, AST, SAA, and fibrinogen were unaltered in response to racing. Acute strenuous exercise did not elicit an acute phase reaction. The observed acute increase in hemoglobin levels and decreases in haptoglobin and iron levels may have been caused by exercise-induced hemolysis, which indicates that horses might experience a condition similar to athlete's anemia in humans. The pathogenesis and clinical implications of the hematological and blood-biochemical changes elicited by acute exercise in Standardbred trotters in the present study warrant further investigation. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’investiguer l’effet de l’exercice intensif (1600–2500 m) sur l’apparition d’une phase inflammatoire aigué chez des trotteurs. Les taux sanguins de différents marqueurs inflammatoires [serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobine, fibrinogène, globules blanc (WBC) et fer], d’enzymes musculaires [creatinine kinase (CK) et aspartate transaminase (AST)] et d’hémoglobine ont été évalué dans 58 trotteurs avant et après la course. Respectivement une augmentation et diminution des taux d’hémoglobine et de fer furent présente 12–14 heures suivant la course. Une réduction des taux d’haptoglobine, de globules blanc et de fer était présente 2 et/ou 7 jours après la course. Aucun changement dans les concentrations de CK, AST, SAA et fibrinogène n’a pu être démontre en relation avec la course.L’exercice intense réalise lors de cette étude n’a pu induire de phase inflammatoire aigué. L’augmentation d’hémoglobine et la diminution d’haptoglobine et de fer peuvent être causées par une hémolyse induite par l’exercice, indiquant qu’une condition similaire à l’anémie de l’athlète chez l’homme existe chez le cheval. La pathogénèse et l’implication clinique des modifications hématologiques et biochimiques lié à un exercice intense chez les trotteurs dans la présente étude justifié de plus amples investigations.(Traduit par Docteur Denis Verwilghen).
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Publication Date: 2014-04-02 PubMed ID: 24688170PubMed Central: PMC3962284
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates whether intense physical activity can trigger an acute phase response, an immune system reaction, in Standardbred trotters. The results indicated that racing didn’t induce an acute phase response, but did show a change in blood markers that could suggest a condition akin to athlete’s anemia.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The primary aim of this research was to determine if acute strenuous exercise, such as a 1600- to 2500-m race, would initiate an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters. APR is a systemic response by the immune system to injury, infection, or inflammation.
  • The investigators observed the blood levels of several inflammation markers, muscle enzymes, and hemoglobin in 58 Standardbred trotters both before and after racing.

Key Findings

  • Results showed that hemoglobin levels increased while iron levels decreased 12 to 14 hours after racing.
  • Haptoglobin concentrations, white blood cell counts, and iron levels fell 2 and/or 7 days after the race.
  • Levels of creatinine kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase (AST), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen remained unchanged in response to the race.
  • Importantly, the study found that acute strenuous exercise did not cause an acute phase response in the horses.

Potential Interpretations and Future Research

  • The acute increase in hemoglobin levels and decreases in haptoglobin and iron levels may stem from exercise-induced hemolysis, a breakdown of red blood cells which releases hemoglobin.
  • This finding suggests that horses might suffer from a condition similar to athlete’s anemia in humans, where intensive training leads to a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
  • The researchers conclude that further investigation is needed to fully understand the clinical implications and the physiological process of blood and biochemical changes elicited by acute exercise in Standardbred trotters.

Cite This Article

APA
Kristensen L, Buhl R, Nostell K, Bak L, Petersen E, Lindholm M, Jacobsen S. (2014). Acute exercise does not induce an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters. Can J Vet Res, 78(2), 97-102.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 78
Issue: 2
Pages: 97-102

Researcher Affiliations

Kristensen, Lena
  • Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
Buhl, Rikke
  • Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
Nostell, Katarina
  • Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
Bak, Lars
  • Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
Petersen, Ellen
  • Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
Lindholm, Maria
  • Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
Jacobsen, Stine
  • Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).

MeSH Terms

  • Acute-Phase Reaction / immunology
  • Animals
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases / blood
  • Creatine Kinase / blood
  • Female
  • Fibrinogen / metabolism
  • Haptoglobins / analysis
  • Hemoglobins / analysis
  • Horses / blood
  • Horses / immunology
  • Horses / physiology
  • Iron / blood
  • Leukocyte Count / veterinary
  • Linear Models
  • Male
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / analysis

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Citations

This article has been cited 11 times.
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