FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Eur J Appl Physiol / Acute hypervolemia does not improve arterial oxygenation in ...
European journal of applied physiology2004; 93(4); 480-488; doi: 10.1007/s00421-004-1213-3

Acute hypervolemia does not improve arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses.

Abstract: Recently, it was reported that acute hypervolemia improves arterial oxygen tension in human athletes known to experience exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. Since exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia is routinely observed in racehorses and is known to limit performance, we examined whether pre-exercise induction of acute hypervolemia would similarly benefit arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses. Two sets of experiments, namely, placebo [intravenous (IV) physiological saline] and acute hypervolemia (IV 7.2% NaCl, causing an 18.2% expansion of plasma volume) studies were carried out in random order on 13 healthy, exercise-trained thoroughbred horses, 7 days apart. An incremental exercise protocol leading to 120 s of galloping at 14 m s(-1) on a 3.5% uphill incline was used. Galloping at this workload elicited maximal heart rate and induced pulmonary hemorrhage in all horses in both treatments. In the placebo study, arterial oxygen tension decreased to 76.1 (2) mmHg (P<0.0001) at 30 s of maximal exertion, but further significant changes did not occur as exercise duration increased to 120 s [arterial oxygen tension 72.4 (2) mmHg]. A significant arterial hypoxemia also developed in galloping horses in the acute hypervolemia study [arterial oxygen tension at 30 and 120 s was 76.7 (1.7) and 71.9 (1.6) mmHg, respectively], but significant differences between treatments could not be demonstrated. In both treatments, a similar desaturation of arterial hemoglobin was also observed at 30 s of maximal exercise, which intensified with increasing exercise duration as hyperthermia, acidosis and hypercapnia intensified. Thus, acute expansion of plasma volume did not benefit arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2004-09-29 PubMed ID: 15455236DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1213-3Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the effect of pre-exercise induction of acute hypervolemia, or abnormal increase in blood volume, on the oxygenation of arteries in thoroughbred horses during maximal exertion. The research found that acute hypervolemia does not improve arterial oxygenation in these horses.

Overview of the Study

  • The researchers carried out two sets of experiments on 13 healthy, exercise-trained thoroughbred horses.
  • These experiments were performed in random order and consisted of a placebo trial (using intravenous saline) and an acute hypervolemia trial (using IV 7.2% NaCl which caused an 18.2% expansion of plasma volume).
  • The two sets of experiments were conducted 7 days apart.
  • An incremental exercise protocol was used, which culminated in the horses galloping at 14 m/s on a 3.5% uphill incline for 120 seconds.
  • All horses developed pulmonary hemorrhage or bleeding in the lungs in both treatments.

    • Findings of the Study

    • During the placebo trial, arterial oxygen tension dropped significantly within the first 30 seconds of maximal exertion, but did not change significantly as exercise duration increased to 120 seconds.
    • A significant arterial hypoxemia, or low oxygen levels in arterial blood, was also observed for galloping horses in the acute hypervolemia trial, with no significant differences in the arterial oxygen tension between the placebo and acute hypervolemia treatments.
    • In both protocols, a similar desaturation of arterial hemoglobin was observed, meaning that less oxygen was potentially available for body tissues.
    • This desaturation worsened with increasing exercise duration as the horses developed hyperthermia, acidosis and hypercapnia, indicating rising body temperatures, increased blood acidity and excess carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, respectively.

      • Conclusions of the Study

      • The research indicated that acute expansion of blood volume through hypervolemia does not benefit the oxygenation of arteries in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses.
      • This suggests that other strategies may be required to manage exercise-induced hypoxemia in racehorses.

Cite This Article

APA
Manohar M, Goetz TE, Hassan AS. (2004). Acute hypervolemia does not improve arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses. Eur J Appl Physiol, 93(4), 480-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1213-3

Publication

European journal of applied physiology
ISSN: 1439-6319
NlmUniqueID: 100954790
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 93
Issue: 4
Pages: 480-488

Researcher Affiliations

Manohar, Murli
  • 212 Large Animal Clinic, Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 W. Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. mmanohar@uiuc.edu
Goetz, Thomas E
    Hassan, Aslam S

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Arteries / drug effects
      • Arteries / physiology
      • Blood Volume / drug effects
      • Blood Volume / physiology
      • Female
      • Horses / blood
      • Horses / physiology
      • Male
      • Oxygen / blood
      • Oxygen Consumption / physiology
      • Physical Endurance / drug effects
      • Physical Endurance / physiology
      • Physical Exertion / drug effects
      • Physical Exertion / physiology
      • Sodium Chloride / pharmacology

      References

      This article includes 27 references
      1. Kanstrup IL, Ekblom B. Acute hypervolemia, cardiac performance, and aerobic power during exercise.. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1982 May;52(5):1186-91.
        pubmed: 7096143doi: 10.1152/jappl.1982.52.5.1186google scholar: lookup
      2. Wagner PD, Gillespie JR, Landgren GL, Fedde MR, Jones BW, DeBowes RM, Pieschl RL, Erickson HH. Mechanism of exercise-induced hypoxemia in horses.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1989 Mar;66(3):1227-33.
        pubmed: 2496088doi: 10.1152/jappl.1989.66.3.1227google scholar: lookup
      3. St Croix CM, Harms CA, McClaran SR, Nickele GA, Pegelow DF, Nelson WB, Dempsey JA. Effects of prior exercise on exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in young women.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998 Oct;85(4):1556-63.
        pubmed: 9760353doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1556google scholar: lookup
      4. Prefaut C, Durand F, Mucci P, Caillaud C. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia in athletes: a review.. Sports Med 2000 Jul;30(1):47-61.
        pubmed: 10907757doi: 10.2165/00007256-200030010-00005google scholar: lookup
      5. Manohar M, Goetz TE, Humphrey S, Depuy T. H1-receptor antagonist, tripelennamine, does not affect arterial hypoxemia in exercising Thoroughbreds.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002 Apr;92(4):1515-23.
        pubmed: 11896018doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00925.2001google scholar: lookup
      6. Sosa Leon L, Hodgson DR, Evans DL, Ray SP, Carlson GP, Rose RJ. Hyperhydration prior to moderate-intensity exercise causes arterial hypoxaemia.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2002 Sep;(34):425-9.
        pubmed: 12405728doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05460.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      7. Zavorsky GS, Walley KR, Hunte GS, McKenzie DC, Sexsmith GP, Russell JA. Acute hypervolaemia improves arterial oxygen pressure in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxaemia.. Exp Physiol 2003 Jul;88(4):555-64.
        pubmed: 12861344doi: 10.1113/eph8802532google scholar: lookup
      8. Préfaut C, Anselme-Poujol F, Caillaud C. Inhibition of histamine release by nedocromil sodium reduces exercise-induced hypoxemia in master athletes.. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997 Jan;29(1):10-6.
        pubmed: 9000151doi: 10.1097/00005768-199701000-00003google scholar: lookup
      9. Manohar M, Goetz TE. Pulmonary vascular pressures of exercising thoroughbred horses with and without endoscopic evidence of EIPH.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996 Oct;81(4):1589-93.
        pubmed: 8904573doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1589google scholar: lookup
      10. Sweeney CR. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1991 Apr;7(1):93-104.
        pubmed: 2054712doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30518-7google scholar: lookup
      11. Wetter TJ, St Croix CM, Pegelow DF, Sonetti DA, Dempsey JA. Effects of exhaustive endurance exercise on pulmonary gas exchange and airway function in women.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001 Aug;91(2):847-58.
        pubmed: 11457802doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.847google scholar: lookup
      12. Wetter TJ, Xiang Z, Sonetti DA, Haverkamp HC, Rice AJ, Abbasi AA, Meyer KC, Dempsey JA. Role of lung inflammatory mediators as a cause of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in young athletes.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002 Jul;93(1):116-26.
        pubmed: 12070194doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2001google scholar: lookup
      13. Boyd JW. The relationships between blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and plasma protein concentration in dehydration.. Br Vet J 1981 Mar-Apr;137(2):166-72.
        pubmed: 7260563doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)31734-7google scholar: lookup
      14. Caillaud CF, Anselme FM, Prefaut CG. Effects of two successive maximal exercise tests on pulmonary gas exchange in athletes.. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996;74(1-2):141-7.
        pubmed: 8891512doi: 10.1007/BF00376506google scholar: lookup
      15. Manohar M, Goetz TE, Hassan AS, Depuy T, Humphrey S. Anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, does not affect exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002 Jul;93(1):99-106.
        pubmed: 12070192doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01186.2001google scholar: lookup
      16. Schaffartzik W, Arcos J, Tsukimoto K, Mathieu-Costello O, Wagner PD. Pulmonary interstitial edema in the pig after heavy exercise.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993 Dec;75(6):2535-40.
        pubmed: 8125872doi: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2535google scholar: lookup
      17. Manohar M, Goetz TE, Hassan AS. Effect of prior high-intensity exercise on exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbred horses.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001 Jun;90(6):2371-7.
        pubmed: 11356804doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2371google scholar: lookup
      18. Manohar M, Goetz TE, Hassan AS. NaHCO(3) does not affect arterial O(2) tension but attenuates desaturation of hemoglobin in maximally exercising Thoroughbreds.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004 Apr;96(4):1349-56.
        pubmed: 14672960doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01083.2003google scholar: lookup
      19. Goetz TE, Manohar M, Magid JH. Repeated administration of frusemide does not offer an advantage over single dosing in attenuating exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in thoroughbred horses.. Equine Vet J Suppl 1999 Jul;(30):539-45.
        pubmed: 10659314doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05280.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      20. Hanel B, Clifford PS, Secher NH. Restricted postexercise pulmonary diffusion capacity does not impair maximal transport for O2.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994 Nov;77(5):2408-12.
        pubmed: 7868462doi: 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.5.2408google scholar: lookup
      21. Lapointe JM, Vrins A, McCarvill E. A survey of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Q standardbred racehorses.. Equine Vet J 1994 Nov;26(6):482-5.
        pubmed: 7889923doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04054.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      22. Dempsey JA, Sheel AW, Haverkamp HC, Babcock MA, Harms CA. [The John Sutton Lecture: CSEP, 2002]. Pulmonary system limitations to exercise in health.. Can J Appl Physiol 2003;28 Suppl:S2-24.
        pubmed: 14768314doi: 10.1139/h2003-066google scholar: lookup
      23. Manohar M, Goetz TE, Hassan AS. Preexercise hypervolemia does not affect arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing short-term high-intensity exercise.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003 Jun;94(6):2135-44.
        pubmed: 12562677doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00973.2002google scholar: lookup
      24. Manohar M, Goetz TE. L-NAME does not affect exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in thoroughbred horses.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998 Jun;84(6):1902-8.
        pubmed: 9609783doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.6.1902google scholar: lookup
      25. Warburton DE, Gledhill N, Jamnik VK, Krip B, Card N. Induced hypervolemia, cardiac function, VO2max, and performance of elite cyclists.. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999 Jun;31(6):800-8.
        pubmed: 10378906doi: 10.1097/00005768-199906000-00007google scholar: lookup
      26. Manohar M, Goetz TE, Hassan AS. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition does not affect the exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbred horses.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001 Sep;91(3):1105-12.
        pubmed: 11509505doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.3.1105google scholar: lookup
      27. West JB, Mathieu-Costello O, Jones JH, Birks EK, Logemann RB, Pascoe JR, Tyler WS. Stress failure of pulmonary capillaries in racehorses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993 Sep;75(3):1097-109.
        pubmed: 8226517doi: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1097google scholar: lookup

      Citations

      This article has been cited 0 times.
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.