Amides as cryoprotectants for freezing stallion semen: a review.
Abstract: Stallion semen cryopreservation, despite its impact on the horse industry, is not an established technology. During the last years, a number of modifications have been proposed to the freezing process, however, a large population of stallions still have poor semen quality and fertility after frozen-thawed. Glycerol toxicity could be a reason for the variation on stallion sperm freezability. There are limited publications concerning the use of alternative cryoprotectants for equine sperm. Glycerol is contraceptive for some species and other cryoprotectors, such as amides, have been show to be a good option for freezing semen of these species. Recent reports have shown encouraging data respecting the use of amides as cryoprotectants for stallions, with more remarkable improvements for semen from stallions that freeze poorly when glycerol is used.
Publication Date: 2005-08-16 PubMed ID: 16099609DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.07.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Review
Summary
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The research article focuses on the improvement of horse semen preservation through the use of amides as opposed to traditional glycerol-based cryoprotectants. The need for this arises due to the poor quality and fertility of semen from many stallions after freezing and thawing using current methods.
Introduction to Stallion Semen Cryopreservation
- The study starts by acknowledging that freezing and preserving stallion semen, despite its significance to the horse industry, is still not a fully developed technology.
- Over recent years, various alterations to the freezing process have been proposed, however, the results have been inconsistent across different stallions with some still producing poor quality and low fertility semen after being thawed.
Glycerol as a potential problem
- The research highlights potential toxicity from glycerol, the traditional cryoprotectant used for freezing semen, as a potential cause for the variation in successful stallion sperm preservation.
- Glycerol is identified as contraceptive for some species, meaning that its use as a cryoprotectant can lower the fertility of the preserved samples.
Amides as a potential solution
- Against the backdrop of these challenges, the study delves into new research surrounding the use of amides as alternative cryoprotectants for freezing equine sperm.
- Amides, it is suggested, could offer a better solution for preserving semen, particularly from stallions that do not freeze well using glycerol.
- Recent studies have provided imposing data in support of this theory, further emphasizing the potential of amides as more effective cryoprotectants for stallion semen.
Conclusion
- The review thus concludes on a promising note, encouraging further exploration and development of amides as cryoprotectants in order to improve the efficacy of stallion semen cryopreservation.
- By addressing the toxicity issue associated with glycerol and promoting an alternative method that promises improved results, the research contributes to the ongoing quest for enhancing the success rates in the preservation and subsequent use of frozen stallion semen in reproduction.
Cite This Article
APA
Alvarenga MA, Papa FO, Landim-Alvarenga FC, Medeiros AS.
(2005).
Amides as cryoprotectants for freezing stallion semen: a review.
Anim Reprod Sci, 89(1-4), 105-113.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.07.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP-Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. malvarenga@fmvz.unesp.br
MeSH Terms
- Amides
- Animals
- Cryopreservation / methods
- Cryopreservation / veterinary
- Cryoprotective Agents
- Fertility
- Horses
- Male
- Semen Preservation / methods
- Semen Preservation / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Crespo F, Blazquez JC, Serres C. Optimization of the Equine-Sperm Freeze Test in Purebred Spanish Horses by Incorporating Colloidal Centrifugation. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 22;13(3).
- Aguiar CS, Barros CHSC, Machado WM, Allaman IB, Leite AO, Barbosa LP, Snoeck PPDN. Effect of different concentrations of Trolox(®) in association with docosahexaenoic acid on equine semen freezing. Anim Reprod 2022;19(4):e20220010.
- Sharafi M, Borghei-Rad SM, Hezavehei M, Shahverdi A, Benson JD. Cryopreservation of Semen in Domestic Animals: A Review of Current Challenges, Applications, and Prospective Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 24;12(23).
- Akhtar MF, Ma Q, Li Y, Chai W, Zhang Z, Li L, Wang C. Effect of Sperm Cryopreservation in Farm Animals Using Nanotechnology. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 2;12(17).
- Wang H, Montague HR, Hess HN, Zhang Y, Aguilar GL, Dunham RA, Butts IAE, Wang X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Gene Expression Changes in Blue Catfish Sperm in Response to Cryopreservation. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 10;23(14).
- Hermes R, Lecu A, Potier R, Goeritz F, Rickard JP, Bohner J, Wedlarski R, Hruby J, Hildebrandt TB. Cryopreservation of Giraffe Epidydimal Spermatozoa Using Different Extenders and Cryoprotectants. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 29;12(7).
- de Menezes GFO, Bittencourt RF, Cardoso FL, Lents MP, Dos Santos ES, Barreto RO, de Jesus EO, Valverde MM, Ribeiro AL. Dimethylacetamide alone or in combination with glycerol can be used for cryopreservation of ovine semen. Anim Reprod 2021 Jan 14;17(4):e20200036.
- Snoeck PPDN, Pessoa THO, Pereira MGS, Bastos ICL, de Melo MIV. Can we use LDL instead of egg yolk in BotuCrio® extender to cryopreserve sperm from the Mangalarga Marchador stallion?. Anim Reprod 2019 Oct 23;16(2):340-347.
- Nikitkina E, Musidray A, Krutikova A, Anipchenko P, Plemyashov K, Shiryaev G. Efficiency of Tris-Based Extender Steridyl for Semen Cryopreservation in Stallions. Animals (Basel) 2020 Oct 4;10(10).
- Domingo P, Olaciregui M, González N, De Blas I, Gil L. Effect of glycerol, n, n-dimethylformamide and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone on rabbit sperm stored at 4 °C and 16 °C. Anim Reprod 2019 Nov 14;16(4):887-894.
- Alamaary MS, Haron AW, Ali M, Hiew MWH, Adamu L, Peter ID. Effects of four extenders on the quality of frozen semen in Arabian stallions. Vet World 2019 Jan;12(1):34-40.
- Hermes R, Hildebrandt TB, Göritz F. Cryopreservation in rhinoceros-Setting a new benchmark for sperm cryosurvival. PLoS One 2018;13(7):e0200154.
- Dlamini NH, Kameni SL, Feugang JM. Untargeted Metabolomic Identifies Potential Seasonal Biomarkers of Semen Quality in Duroc Boars. Biology (Basel) 2025 Aug 4;14(8).
- Boni R, Ruggiero R, Di Palma T, Ferrara MA, Preziosi G, Cecchini Gualandi S. Stallion Sperm Freezing with Different Extenders: Role of Antioxidant Activity and Nitric Oxide Production. Animals (Basel) 2024 Aug 25;14(17).
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