An atypical presentation of leiomyosarcoma causing extremity compartment syndrome of the crural region in a Dutch Warmblood mare: a case report.
Abstract: A 12-year-old Warmblood mare was presented with an acute onset left hindlimb lameness associated with generalised soft tissue swelling of the entire limb and medial saphenous vein (MSV) thrombophlebitis. A presumptive diagnosis of extremity compartment syndrome (ECS) was made. Due to the clinical deterioration, emergency fasciotomy of the crural fascia and biopsy was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the samples confirmed a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma likely originating from the tunica media of the MSV. This report is the first to describe an unique combination of ECS and thrombophlebitis associated with a leiomyosarcoma in a horse.
© 2020 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science.
Publication Date: 2020-01-16 PubMed ID: 31940682PubMed Central: PMC7000902DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research documents a unique medical case involving a 12-year-old Dutch Warmblood mare suffering from an uncommon variant of leiomyosarcoma (a type of cancer), which resulted in extremity compartment syndrome (ECS) and thrombophlebitis.
Case Overview
- The subject of the study was a 12-year-old Warmblood mare, who was brought in due to sudden hindlimb lameness, significant tissue swelling throughout the limb, and medial saphenous vein (MSV) thrombophlebitis.
- Preliminarily, the mare was diagnosed with extremity compartment syndrome (ECS), a severe condition caused by increased pressure within muscle compartments. This can lead to nerve and muscle damage and problems with blood flow.
- Her condition worsened, prompting emergency fasciotomy, a surgical procedure that opens the fascia—the layer surrounding a muscle—to relieve tension or pressure.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- A biopsy of the crural fascia (the fibrous tissue enclosing the calf muscles) and further histological and immunohistochemical examination of the tissue revealed that the horse had leiomyosarcoma.
- Leiomyosarcoma is a rare type of cancer originating from smooth muscles. In this case, it seemed to have originated from the tunica media—the middle layer of the MSV. This cancer is infrequently seen in horses.
- The combination of ECS, thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the vein caused by a blood clot), and leiomyosarcoma makes this case unique, as no prior reports have highlighted such a blend of these conditions in a horse.
Significance of the Case
- This research provides the first report on the unusual coexistence of ECS and thrombophlebitis associated with leiomyosarcoma in a horse.
- It demonstrates a unique presentation of leiomyosarcoma, prompting further investigation into rare manifestations of this cancer in equine populations.
- The findings might provide a basis for better understanding the associations between different medical complications in horses, leading to improved diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Giacchi A, Marcatili M, Withers J, Knottenbelt D.
(2020).
An atypical presentation of leiomyosarcoma causing extremity compartment syndrome of the crural region in a Dutch Warmblood mare: a case report.
J Vet Sci, 21(1), e3.
https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Pool House Equine Clinic, Fradley WS13 8RD, UK.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Division of Equine Clinical Sciences, Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland. a.giacchi.1@research.gla.ac.uk.
- Pool House Equine Clinic, Fradley WS13 8RD, UK.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Division of Equine Clinical Sciences, Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Division of Equine Clinical Sciences, Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Division of Equine Clinical Sciences, Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biopsy / veterinary
- Compartment Syndromes / diagnosis
- Compartment Syndromes / etiology
- Compartment Syndromes / pathology
- Compartment Syndromes / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Lameness, Animal / diagnosis
- Lameness, Animal / etiology
- Lameness, Animal / pathology
- Leiomyosarcoma / diagnosis
- Leiomyosarcoma / etiology
- Leiomyosarcoma / pathology
- Leiomyosarcoma / veterinary
- Muscle Neoplasms / diagnosis
- Muscle Neoplasms / etiology
- Muscle Neoplasms / pathology
- Muscle Neoplasms / veterinary
- Thigh / pathology
- Thrombophlebitis / diagnosis
- Thrombophlebitis / etiology
- Thrombophlebitis / pathology
- Thrombophlebitis / veterinary
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
This article includes 16 references
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