An unusual case of giant cell tumor of soft parts in an American Warmblood horse.
Abstract: Fine needle aspiration and tissue biopsy samples were taken from a subcutaneous mass in the cranial stifle region of a 10-yr-old horse. Key cytologic features included numerous mildly to moderately pleomorphic histiocytic cells admixed with mononuclear inflammatory cells, occasional fibroblasts, multinucleated cells, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Based on these features, cytologic differentials included granulomatous inflammation with reactive fibroplasia, histiocytic sarcoma, giant cell tumor of soft parts (GCTSPs), and giant cell tumor of bone. The tissue biopsy supported a diagnosis of superficial GCTSPs. This neoplasm is of controversial origin but generally considered to be a soft tissue sarcoma and classified in the World Health Organization classification of tumors under fibrous histiocytic tumors as a giant cell tumor of soft tissue with low risk of malignancy. When found in the subcutis, this neoplasm rarely metastasizes in the horse and has a low rate of local reoccurrence. In this case, there was no local recurrence of the tumor after 6 mo, after which the horse was lost to follow-up.
Publication Date: 2019-02-26 PubMed ID: 31086765PubMed Central: PMC6500852DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v9i1.8Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article discusses an unusual case where a giant cell tumor of soft parts (GCTSPs) was identified in the stifle region of a 10-year-old American Warmblood horse and elaborates on the diagnosis process, tumor properties, its rare occurrence, and post-treatment results.
Diagnosis Process
- The process involved the extraction of fine needle aspiration and tissue biopsy samples from the subcutaneous mass located in the horse’s cranial stifle region.
- The key cytologic features observed were numerous mildly to moderately pleomorphic histiocytic cells, mononuclear inflammatory cells, occasional fibroblasts, multinucleated cells, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages.
- Based on these features, differentials included granulomatous inflammation with reactive fibroplasia, histiocytic sarcoma, giant cell tumor of soft parts (GCTSPs), and giant cell tumor of bone.
Tumor Type and Classification
- The tissue biopsy results ascertained the diagnosis of the superficial GCTSPs.
- This uncommon tumor is under scrutiny regarding its origin, but is primarily considered as a soft tissue sarcoma.
- It is categorized under the World Health Organization classification of tumors in the segment of fibrous histiocytic tumors, recognized as a giant cell tumor of soft tissue, bearing a low risk of malignancy.
Properties, Incidence, and Post-Treatment Results
- Subcutaneous instances of this neoplasm are infrequent in horses and they seldom metastasize. It has a low rate of local reoccurrence.
- In this case, there was no local reemergence of the tumor six months post-treatment. Following this period, the horse was lost from the follow-up process.
Cite This Article
APA
Zimmerman K, Almy F, Saunders G, Crisman M, Leonardi L.
(2019).
An unusual case of giant cell tumor of soft parts in an American Warmblood horse.
Open Vet J, 9(1), 44-48.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v9i1.8 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Covance Laboratories Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Department of large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Giant Cell Tumors / diagnosis
- Giant Cell Tumors / pathology
- Giant Cell Tumors / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Male
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms / diagnosis
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms / pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms / veterinary
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
References
This article includes 15 references
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