Analgesic effect of butorphanol and levomethadone in detomidine sedated horses.
Abstract: The analgesic potency of butorphanol 25 microg/kg bodyweight (BW) and levomethadone 100 microg/kg BW, administered together with detomidine 10 microg/kg BW, was measured in twelve Warmblood horses in a randomized, blinded cross-over study. Detomidine with saline 10 ml 0.9% was used as placebo. The nociceptive threshold was determined using a constant current and a pneumatic pressure model for somatic pair Detomidine alone and in combination with butorphanol or levomethadone caused a significant temporary increase (P < 0.05) of the nociceptive threshold with a maximum effect within 15 min and a return to baseline levels within 90 min. Butorphanol and levomethadone increased the nociceptive threshold and prolonged the duration of anti-nociception significantly from 15 to 75 min (P < 0.05) after drug administration compared with detomidine alone to both test methods. No significant difference between butorphanol and levomethadone was registered. It is concluded that the addition of butorphanol or levomethadone to detomidine increases the nociceptive threshold to somatic pain and prolongs the analgesic effect of detomidine in the horse.
Publication Date: 2001-09-14 PubMed ID: 11554491DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2001.00366.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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This research shows the enhancement of pain-relieving effects in horses when detomidine was supplemented with either butorphanol or levomethadone.
Introduction and Study Design
- The research was performed on a set of twelve Warmblood horses. These horses were treated in a randomized and blinded cross-over study, ensuring unbiased results and management of possible placebo effects.
- The substances tested were detomidine (a sedative), butorphanol, and levomethadone (both analgesics). The aim was to find out any possible augmentation in the analgesic effectiveness of detomidine when combined with each of the other two drugs.
Procedure
- The drugs were administered at weight-specific micro dosages. The placebo was saline solution 0.9% combined with detomidine.
- The pain threshold or nociceptive threshold was then evaluated using a constant current and a pneumatic pressure model. This method offers tangible measurements for quantifying somatic, i.e., body pain.
Findings
- The researchers found a temporary, yet significant increase in the pain threshold for treatment involving detomidine alone or in combination with butorphanol or levomethadone.
- This effect reached its peak within the first 15 minutes post-administration and tapered off to baseline levels in about 90 minutes.
- Furthermore, the incorporation of butorphanol or levomethadone with detomidine not only increased the initial pain threshold but also extended the duration of anti-nociception or pain relief from 15 minutes to 75 minutes. This finding was significant for both constant current and pneumatic pressure testing.
- There was no statistically significant difference observed between the effectiveness of butorphanol and levomethadone in this context.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that the addition of butorphanol or levomethadone to detomidine enhances the pain resistance against somatic pain, while also elongating the period of the analgesic effect of detomidine in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Schatzman U, Armbruster S, Stucki F, Busato A, Kohler I.
(2001).
Analgesic effect of butorphanol and levomethadone in detomidine sedated horses.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 48(6), 337-342.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2001.00366.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Berne, Switzerland. urs.schatzmann@knp.unibe.ch
MeSH Terms
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Animals
- Butorphanol
- Cross-Over Studies
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Hypnotics and Sedatives
- Imidazoles
- Male
- Methadone
- Pain Measurement / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Emanuel D, Kästner SBR, Delarocque J, Grob AJ, Bienert-Zeit A. Influence of Butorphanol, Buprenorphine and Levomethadone on Sedation Quality and Postoperative Analgesia in Horses Undergoing Cheek Tooth Extraction.. Vet Sci 2022 Apr 6;9(4).
- Nannarone S, Giannettoni G, Laurenza C, Giontella A, Moretti G. Methadone or Butorphanol as Pre-Anaesthetic Agents Combined with Romifidine in Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery: Qualitative Assessment of Sedation and Induction.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Aug 31;11(9).
- Straticò P, Carluccio A, Varasano V, Guerri G, Suriano R, Robbe D, Cerasoli I, Petrizzi L. Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol during Castration in Donkeys under Total Intravenous Anaesthesia.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Aug 9;11(8).
- Troya-Portillo L, López-Sanromán J, Villalba-Orero M, Santiago-Llorente I. Cardiorespiratory, Sedative and Antinociceptive Effects of a Medetomidine Constant Rate Infusion with Morphine, Ketamine or Both.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 13;11(7).
- Casoni D, Spadavecchia C, Wampfler B, Thormann W, Levionnois OL. Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of S-ketamine for intravenous general anaesthesia in horses undergoing field castration.. Acta Vet Scand 2015 May 3;57(1):21.
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