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Home / Equine Research Bank / Anim Genet / Analysis of genetic variation contributing to measured speed...
Animal genetics2019; 50(6); 670-685; doi: 10.1111/age.12848

Analysis of genetic variation contributing to measured speed in Thoroughbreds identifies genomic regions involved in the transcriptional response to exercise.

Abstract: Despite strong selection for athletic traits in Thoroughbred horses, there is marked variation in speed and aptitude for racing performance within the breed. Using global positioning system monitoring during exercise training, we measured speed variables and temporal changes in speed with age to derive phenotypes for GWAS. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that genetic variation contributes to variation in end-point physiological traits, in this case galloping speed measured during field exercise tests. Standardisation of field-measured phenotypes was attempted by assessing horses exercised on the same gallop track and managed under similar conditions by a single trainer. PCA of six key speed indices captured 73.9% of the variation with principal component 1 (PC1). Verifying the utility of the phenotype, we observed that PC1 (median) in 2-year-old horses was significantly different among elite, non-elite and unraced horses (P T SNP genotypes. A GWAS for PC1 in 2-year-old horses (n = 122) identified four SNPs reaching the suggestive threshold for association (P < 4.80 × 10 ), defining a 1.09 Mb candidate region on ECA8 containing the myosin XVIIIB (MYO18B) gene. In a GWAS for temporal change in PC1 with age (n = 168), five SNPs reached the suggestive threshold for association and defined candidate regions on ECA2 and ECA11. Both regions contained genes that are significantly differentially expressed in equine skeletal muscle in response to acute exercise and training stimuli, including MYO18A. As MYO18A plays a regulatory role in the skeletal muscle response to exercise, the identified genomic variation proximal to the myosin family genes may be important for the regulation of the response to exercise and training.
© 2019 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.
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Publication Date: 2019-09-11 PubMed ID: 31508842DOI: 10.1111/age.12848Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study explores genetic factors that contribute to variation in speed and athletic performance in Thoroughbred horses. The researchers identify specific genomic regions that play a role in how the horse’s body responds to exercise.

Study Design and Process

  • The core goal of this study was to explore whether genetic variation could influence specific physiological traits in Thoroughbred horses, with a focus on galloping speed during field exercise tests.
  • The researchers standardized measurements by having all horses exercise on the same track and under similar conditions, managed by the same trainer.
  • Using a global positioning system (GPS), the researchers collected data on speed variables and the temporal changes in speed with the horse’s age.
  • They analyzed six key speed variables to extract the overall variation in speed, with the first principal component (PC1) accounting for 73.9%.

Findings of the Study

  • The PC1 speed variable appeared different among elite, non-elite, and unraced horses, proving the effectiveness of this measure.
  • The researchers discovered a significant difference in how the PC1 speed variable changed with age among horses with different genotypes of the myostatin gene (MSTN g.66493737C>T).
  • The researchers also carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the PC1 in 2-year-old horses and identified four genetic variants that reached the suggestive threshold for association with speed.
  • This defined a candidate genomic region on ECA8 containing the myosin XVIIIB (MYO18B) gene as potentially significant.

Theoretical Implications and Future Directions

  • The GWAS for temporal change in PC1 with age also identified five genetic variants reaching the suggestive threshold for association and candidate regions on ECA2 and ECA11.
  • Genes in these regions were significantly differentially expressed in horse skeletal muscle in response to exercise and training stimuli, including MYO18A.
  • The finding implies that these genes and the identified genomic variations could play crucial roles in regulating the response to exercise and training in horses.
  • Understanding these exercise-related genes could be essential for furthering knowledge of equine athletic performance and may have applications in racehorse training and management.

Cite This Article

APA
Farries G, Gough KF, Parnell AC, McGivney BA, McGivney CL, McGettigan PA, MacHugh DE, Katz LM, Hill EW. (2019). Analysis of genetic variation contributing to measured speed in Thoroughbreds identifies genomic regions involved in the transcriptional response to exercise. Anim Genet, 50(6), 670-685. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12848

Publication

Animal genetics
ISSN: 1365-2052
NlmUniqueID: 8605704
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 50
Issue: 6
Pages: 670-685

Researcher Affiliations

Farries, G
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Gough, K F
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Parnell, A C
  • Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland.
McGivney, B A
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
  • Plusvital Ltd, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Pottery Road, Dublin, A96 KW29, Ireland.
McGivney, C L
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
McGettigan, P A
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
MacHugh, D E
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
  • UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Katz, L M
  • UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Hill, E W
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
  • Plusvital Ltd, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Pottery Road, Dublin, A96 KW29, Ireland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
  • Geographic Information Systems
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / physiology
  • Locomotion
  • Male
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
  • Myostatin / genetics
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Grant Funding

  • 17/CDA/4695 / Science Foundation Ireland
  • 18/TIDA/6019 / Science Foundation Ireland
  • SFI/11/PI/1166 / Science Foundation Ireland

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