Abstract: Maturation of oocytes under in vitro conditions (IVM) results in impaired developmental competence compared to oocytes matured in vivo. As oocytes are closely coupled to their cumulus complex, elucidating aberrations in cumulus metabolism in vitro is important to bridge the gap towards more physiological maturation conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze the equine "cumulome" in a novel combination of proteomic (nano-HPLC MS/MS) and metabolomic (UPLC-nanoESI-MS) profiling of single cumulus complexes of metaphase II oocytes matured either in vivo (n = 8) or in vitro (n = 7). Results: A total of 1811 quantifiable proteins and 906 metabolic compounds were identified. The proteome contained 216 differentially expressed proteins (p ≤ 0.05; FC ≥ 2; 95 decreased and 121 increased in vitro), and the metabolome contained 108 metabolites with significantly different abundance (p ≤ 0.05; FC ≥ 2; 24 decreased and 84 increased in vitro). The in vitro "cumulome" was summarized in the following 10 metabolic groups (containing 78 proteins and 21 metabolites): (1) oxygen supply, (2) glucose metabolism, (3) fatty acid metabolism, (4) oxidative phosphorylation, (5) amino acid metabolism, (6) purine and pyrimidine metabolism, (7) steroid metabolism, (8) extracellular matrix, (9) complement cascade and (10) coagulation cascade. The KEGG pathway "complement and coagulation cascades" (ID4610; n = 21) was significantly overrepresented after in vitro maturation. The findings indicate that the in vitro condition especially affects central metabolism and extracellular matrix composition. Important candidates for the metabolic group oxygen supply were underrepresented after maturation in vitro. Additionally, a shift towards glycolysis was detected in glucose metabolism. Therefore, under in vitro conditions, cumulus cells seem to preferentially consume excess available glucose to meet their energy requirements. Proteins involved in biosynthetic processes for fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and purines exhibited higher abundances after maturation in vitro. Conclusions: This study revealed the marked impact of maturation conditions on the "cumulome" of individual cumulus oocyte complexes. Under the studied in vitro milieu, cumulus cells seem to compensate for a lack of important substrates by shifting to aerobic glycolysis. These findings will help to adapt culture media towards more physiological conditions for oocyte maturation.
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The research article aims to explore the impact of in vitro (test tube) conditions on the development of horse oocytes (egg cells), more specifically, their closely connected cumulus cells. It undercovers significant differences between cumulus cells developed in vitro and those in a natural (in vivo) environment, offering favorable guide to refining laboratory conditions for more successful egg cell maturation.
Study Methodology
The study deploys proteomic (nano-HPLC MS/MS) and metabolomic (UPLC-nanoESI-MS) profiling, advanced techniques of analyzing molecules, to assess individual cumulus complexes of horse oocytes matured either in a laboratory setting or in a natural, physiological setting.
The in vitro group made up 7 samples, and there were 8 samples of oocytes matured in vivo.
Findings
The analysis inventoried 1811 proteins and 906 metabolic compounds with proteins and metabolites significantly fluctuating in abundance depending on their maturation conditions.
Tests on the in vitro cumulus cells (the “cumulome”) were categorized in 10 metabolic groups such as oxygen supply, glucose metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism among others. Some are key to central metabolism and maintaining the extracellular matrix structure.
Interestingly, oxygen supply proteins were less abundant after in vitro maturation. This along with other findings indicate a shift towards glycolysis in glucose metabolism – cumulus cells consume excess available glucose to make up for their energy needs.
Notably, proteins involved in the production of necessary substances like fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and purines were found to be more abundant after maturation in vitro.
Conclusions
The study highlights the significant influence of maturation conditions on the “cumulome” of individual cumulus oocyte complexes. Particularly, in vitro conditions prompt cumulus cells to compensate for a scarcity of important substrates by shifting to aerobic glycolysis.
The knowledge gained from the study can further optimize and enhance culture media to provide more physiological conditions for oocyte maturation, improving the results of in vitro maturation.
Cite This Article
APA
Walter J, Huwiler F, Fortes C, Grossmann J, Roschitzki B, Hu J, Naegeli H, Laczko E, Bleul U.
(2019).
Analysis of the equine “cumulome” reveals major metabolic aberrations after maturation in vitro.
BMC Genomics, 20(1), 588.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5836-5
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