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mSphere2021; 6(4); e0019620; doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00196-20

Analysis of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Carriage in Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Equids Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

Abstract: While Staphylococcus aureus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in equids (horses, donkeys, and mules), few studies have performed whole-genome sequencing to fully categorize large collections of equine isolates. Such sequencing allows for a comprehensive analysis of the genetic lineage and relationships of isolates, as well as the virulence genes present in each, which can be important for understanding the epidemiology of strains and their range of infections. Seventy-two clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from equids were collected at the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 2007 and 2017. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize the isolates according to sequence typing, biofilm association, antimicrobial resistance, and toxin gene carriage. Of the 72 isolates, 19% were methicillin resistant, of which the majority belonged to clonal complex 8. Eighteen distinct sequence types (STs) were represented, with the most common being ST1, ST133, ST8, and ST97. Most isolates had weak or negative overall biofilm production. Toxin and antimicrobial resistance gene carriage was varied; of note, this study revealed that a large proportion of North American equine isolates carry the leucocidin PQ toxin (66% of isolates). One isolate (17-021) carried genes imparting lincosamide and high-level mupirocin resistance, a combination not previously reported in equine-derived S. aureus isolates. IMPORTANCE This is one of the first studies to perform whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large collection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, both methicillin resistant and susceptible, collected from horses. A large proportion of the isolates carry leucocidin PQ (LukPQ), making this one of the first reports of such carriage in the United States. The presence of lincosamide and high-level mupirocin resistance in a methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolate highlights the importance of MSSA as a reservoir of important antimicrobial resistance genes. As microbial resistance genes on mobile genetic elements can pass between S. aureus strains and livestock-associated strains can be transferred to humans, these findings have important public health implications.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-04 PubMed ID: 34346711PubMed Central: PMC8386420DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00196-20Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Extramural
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study conducted whole-genome sequencing on a large collection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, a bacterium often causing disease in horses and other equids, and found varied gene carriage of virulence and antibiotic resistance. Notably, a high proportion of the isolates were found to carry the leucocidin PQ toxin and one carried genes that cause resistance to both lincosamide and mupirocin, which is a new finding in equine-derived S. aureus isolates.

Study Overview and Methodology

  • They collected 72 clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from horses and other equids at the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 2007 and 2017.
  • They performed whole-genome sequencing on these isolates to classify them according to sequence typing, their potential to form biofilms, their antimicrobial resistance and toxin gene carriage.

Key Findings

  • Among the 72 isolates, 19% were found to be methicillin-resistant, most of which belonged to clonal complex 8.
  • There were 18 distinct sequence types (STs), with ST1, ST133, ST8, and ST97 being the most common.
  • Most isolates exhibited weak or negative biofilm production. Biofilms are groups of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other on a surface and are often resistant to antimicrobial treatments.
  • The toxin and antimicrobial resistance gene carriage was found to be varied. They observed a large proportion (66%) of equine isolates in North America carrying the leucocidin PQ toxin.
  • One isolate carried genes causing resistance to both lincosamide and high-level mupirocin, which has not been reported previously in equine-derived S. aureus isolates.

Implications and Importance

  • This study is among the first to perform whole-genome sequencing on a large collection of S. aureus isolates collected from horses, containing both methicillin resistant and susceptible samples.
  • The high prevalence of isolates carrying the leucocidin PQ toxin was a significant finding, as this has not been widely reported in the USA.
  • The discovery of an isolate with resistance to both lincosamide and high-level mupirocin emphasizes the potential of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) as a reservoir of critical antimicrobial resistance genes.
  • These findings have significant public health implications as antimicrobial resistance genes on movable genetic elements can be transferred between different S. aureus strains. Additionally, strains associated with livestock can potentially be transferred to humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Little SV, Hillhouse AE, Lawhon SD, Bryan LK. (2021). Analysis of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Carriage in Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Equids Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. mSphere, 6(4), e0019620. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00196-20

Publication

mSphere
ISSN: 2379-5042
NlmUniqueID: 101674533
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 4
Pages: e0019620

Researcher Affiliations

Little, Sara V
  • Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Hillhouse, Andrew E
  • Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Lawhon, Sara D
  • Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Bryan, Laura K
  • Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Biofilms
  • Carrier State / microbiology
  • Carrier State / veterinary
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
  • Female
  • Genes, Bacterial / genetics
  • Genome, Bacterial
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / genetics
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Staphylococcal Infections / veterinary
  • Texas
  • Virulence / genetics
  • Virulence Factors / genetics
  • Whole Genome Sequencing / methods

Grant Funding

  • T32 OD011083 / NIH HHS
  • T32 RR031229 / NCRR NIH HHS

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