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Anatomia, histologia, embryologia2022; 51(3); 355-365; doi: 10.1111/ahe.12794

Anatomical and radiographic distribution of hepatic artery and biliary duct system applied to biochemical parameters indicative to hepatobiliary disease in Egyptian donkey (Equus asinus).

Abstract: The current study was performed on ten adult Egyptian donkeys of both sexes for anatomical and radiographic studies in addition to six other donkeys for enzymatic, biochemical and statistical analysis. The aim was to illustrate the normal hepatic arterial and biliary distribution using different anatomic techniques and radiographic imaging besides, establishing an accurate laboratory profile specific for donkeys that used as standard indicators for hepatobiliary dysfunction. The right branch of the hepatic artery in donkey forms a curved arch erupting five branches, unlike the left branch that erupts six branches, being the direct continuation of the main hepatic artery. The caudate lobe artery either originated from the hepatic artery or its right division. The common hepatic duct represented a very clear enlargement called 'gall tank' at its terminal pouring intestinal end and compensating absence of gall bladder, cystic and common bile ducts. The intrahepatic biliary distribution is characterized by a segmental ramification into dorsal, intermediate, and ventral branches of bile ductules especially noticed in the undivided right lobe and left lateral lobe. The quadrate lobe is divided according to its biliary drainage into right and left parts where the former is drained by the left hepatic duct while the latter is drained through a branch from R. lobi medialis sinistri. The serum enzymatic activity was slightly similar to that of the horse while some biochemical parameters differentiating the donkey from the horse such as lowered total bilirubin, serum bile acids, and higher triglycerides, blood urea and prolonged prothrombin time.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-20 PubMed ID: 35187692DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12794Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research investigates the structure and distribution of hepatic arteries and biliary duct systems in Egyptian donkeys, and how these anatomical features correlate with biochemical indicators of liver and gallbladder diseases.

Study Overview

  • The study consisted of anatomical and radiographic examinations of ten adult Egyptian donkeys, and an additional biochemical analysis conducted on six other donkeys.
  • The ultimate goal of the study was to characterize the normal distribution of hepatic arteries and biliary ducts within donkey livers, and establish a typical biochemical profile that could indicate potential liver or gallbladder diseases.

Anatomical and Radiographic Findings

  • Investigations show that the right branch of the donkey’s hepatic artery forms a curved arch that breaks off into five branches. The left branch is a direct continuation of the main hepatic artery and features six branches.
  • The artery supplying the caudate lobe, a smaller portion of the liver, originates either from the hepatic artery itself or its right division.
  • The common hepatic duct, which serves as the exit path for bile, displays a significant enlargement described as a ‘gall tank’ at its terminal segment. This structure functions in lieu of a gall bladder and the absence of the cystic and common bile ducts, through which bile usually exits into the small intestine.

Biliary Distribution

  • The distribution of bile within the liver (intrahepatic biliary distribution) is characterized by a pattern of segmental branching into dorsal, intermediate, and ventral branches of bile ductules. This is particularly noticeable in the undivided right lobe and left lateral lobe.
  • The quadrate lobe, another part of the liver, is divided based on its biliary drainage into right and left parts. The right part is drained by the left hepatic duct, while the left is drained through a branch from R. lobi medialis sinistri.

Biochemical Findings

  • The serum enzymatic activity in donkeys was found to be slightly similar to horses.
  • Some biochemical parameters distinguished donkeys from horses. These include lower levels of total bilirubin and serum bile acids and higher levels of triglycerides, blood urea, and a longer prothrombin time (a measure of blood clotting).

Cite This Article

APA
Maher MA, Ahmad IM. (2022). Anatomical and radiographic distribution of hepatic artery and biliary duct system applied to biochemical parameters indicative to hepatobiliary disease in Egyptian donkey (Equus asinus). Anat Histol Embryol, 51(3), 355-365. https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12794

Publication

Anatomia, histologia, embryologia
ISSN: 1439-0264
NlmUniqueID: 7704218
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 3
Pages: 355-365

Researcher Affiliations

Maher, Mohamed Ahmed
  • Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Ahmad, Ismail M
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Digestive System Diseases / veterinary
  • Egypt
  • Equidae
  • Female
  • Hepatic Artery / diagnostic imaging
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Liver / diagnostic imaging
  • Male

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