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One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2021; 12; 100216; doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100216

Animals as potential reservoirs for dengue transmission: A systematic review.

Abstract: Dengue is a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne flavivirus infection that is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Humans are known to be the main reservoir host maintaining the epidemic cycles of dengue but it is unclear if dengue virus is also maintained in a similar enzootic cycle. The systematic review was conducted in accordance to Cochrane's PRISMA recommendations. A search was done on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Library. Key data on animal dengue positivity was extracted and classified according to animal type and diagnostic modes. Of the 3818 articles identified, 56 articles were used in this review. A total of 16,333 animals were tested, 1817 of which were positive for dengue virus by RT-PCR or serology. Dengue positivity was detected in bats (10.1%), non-human primates (27.3%), birds (11%), bovid (4.1%), dogs (1.6%), horses (5.1%), pigs (34.1%), rodents (3.5%), marsupials (13%) and other small animals (7.3%). While majority of dengue positivity via serology suggests potential enzootic transmission, but regular dengue virus spillback cannot be excluded. With the exception of bats, acute infection among animals is limited. Further investigation on animals is critically required to better understand their role as potential reservoir in dengue transmission.
© 2021 The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2021-01-20 PubMed ID: 33598525PubMed Central: PMC7868715DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100216Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research is about understanding whether animals could be potential carriers, or ‘reservoirs’, for the dengue virus, alongside humans. The data from this systematic review suggests that a variety of animals tested, like bats, non-human primates, birds, and pigs, showed positivity for dengue, indicating that they may play a role in transmitting the disease.

Study Methodology

  • The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines from the Cochrane Collaboration, which is a widely accepted framework for conducting and reporting systematic reviews.
  • Several databases were used for this research namely PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, in order to collect relevant studies on this topic. In total, 3818 articles were identified, out of which 56 were used for this review.
  • While selecting the suitable studies, key data on animal dengue positivity was carefully extracted and classified according to the type of animal and diagnostic methods used.
  • A variety of animals including bats, non-human primates, birds, bovid, dogs, horses, pigs, rodents, marsupials and other small animals were examined in these studies for dengue positivity.

Study Findings

  • A total of 16,333 animals were scrutinized, and 1817 were found positive for dengue virus, either via RT-PCR (a common diagnostic test for viral presence) or serology (the study of blood serum and plasma).
  • The prevalence or positivity rate of dengue virus among different animal groups varied significantly. The highest prevalence was observed among pigs (34.1%), followed by non-human primates (27.3%), marsupials (13%), birds (11%), bats (10.1%), horses (5.1%), bovid (4.1%), other small animals (7.3%), rodents (3.5%) and dogs (1.6%).
  • The majority of dengue positivity ascertained via serology which indicates the potential existence of an animal-based enzootic (disease or infection present in animals) cycle of dengue transmission. However, the regular spillover of dengue virus from animals back to humans cannot be confirmed or excluded from this data.
  • Except for bats, acute infection amongst animals was limited which means most animals tested did not show severe symptoms of the disease.

Study Implication and Conclusion

  • The findings suggest that further investigation is needed to comprehend the exact role animals play as potential reservoirs in dengue transmission. This could help enhance our understanding of the complex dynamics involved in dengue transmission and inform the development of effective control strategies.
  • By unearthing the existence of potential alternate hosts for the dengue virus, the study highlights a significant area of concern that needs to be further investigated to prevent the spread of this disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Gwee SXW, St John AL, Gray GC, Pang J. (2021). Animals as potential reservoirs for dengue transmission: A systematic review. One Health, 12, 100216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100216

Publication

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
ISSN: 2352-7714
NlmUniqueID: 101660501
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 100216
PII: 100216

Researcher Affiliations

Gwee, Sylvia Xiao Wei
  • Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
  • Centre of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
St John, Ashley L
  • Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
  • Pathology Department, Duke University, USA.
  • SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health University, Singapore.
Gray, Gregory C
  • Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
  • SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health University, Singapore.
  • Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, USA.
  • Global Health Institute, Duke University, USA.
  • Duke Kunshan University, China.
Pang, Junxiong
  • Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
  • Centre of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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