Anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously administered lidocaine hydrochloride on ischemia-injured jejunum in horses.
Abstract: To investigate effects of lidocaine hydrochloride administered IV on mucosal inflammation in ischemia-injured jejunum of horses treated with flunixin meglumine. Methods: 24 horses. Methods: Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 1 mL/50 kg, IV [1 dose]), flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), lidocaine (bolus [1.3 mg/kg] and constant rate infusion [0.05 mg/kg/min], IV, during and after recovery from surgery), or both flunixin and lidocaine (n = 6/group). During surgery, blood flow was occluded for 2 hours in 2 sections of jejunum in each horse. Uninjured and ischemia-injured jejunal specimens were collected after the ischemic period and after euthanasia 18 hours later for histologic assessment and determination of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression (via western blot procedures). Plasma samples collected prior to (baseline) and 8 hours after the ischemic period were analyzed for prostanoid concentrations. Results: Immediately after the ischemic period, COX-2 expression in horses treated with lidocaine alone was significantly less than expression in horses treated with SS or flunixin alone. Eighteen hours after the ischemic period, mucosal neutrophil counts in horses treated with flunixin alone were significantly higher than counts in other treatment groups. Compared with baseline plasma concentrations, postischemia prostaglandin E(2) metabolite and thromboxane B(2) concentrations increased in horses treated with SS and in horses treated with SS or lidocaine alone, respectively. Conclusions: In horses with ischemia-injured jejunum, lidocaine administered IV reduced plasma prostaglandin E(2) metabolite concentration and mucosal COX-2 expression. Coadministration of lidocaine with flunixin ameliorated the flunixin-induced increase in mucosal neutrophil counts.
Publication Date: 2009-10-03 PubMed ID: 19795941DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.10.1259Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of lidocaine hydrochloride when intravenously administered in horses with ischemia-injured jejunum, drawing a conclusion that lidocaine reduces plasma prostaglandin E(2) metabolite concentration and mucosal COX-2 expression.
Study Design and Methods
- The study involved 24 horses which were grouped into four. Each group received treatments either with saline solution, flunixin meglumine, lidocaine, or both flunixin and lidocaine.
- During the treatment period, each horse had a section of its jejunum (a part of the small intestine) made ischemic (cut off from blood flow) deliberately during surgery to simulate a severe intestinal injury.
- Uninjured and injured sections of the jejunum were collected post the ischemic period and post euthanasia for histological analysis and determination of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression.
- Blood samples of the horses were collected before and after the ischemic period for analysis of prostanoid concentration changes.
Key Findings
- After the ischemic period, horses treated with only lidocaine showed significantly less COX-2 expression than those treated with saline solution or flunixin alone.
- 18 hours post ischemic period, horses treated only with flunixin showed significantly higher neutrophil counts in the intestinal lining than the other treatment groups, which is indicative of an inflammatory response.
- Post-ischemia prostaglandin E(2) metabolite and thromboxane B(2) concentrations increased in horses treated with saline solution and in those treated with saline solution or lidocaine alone, respectively, when compared to baseline concentrations.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that intravenously administered lidocaine has anti-inflammatory effects on horses’ ischemia-injured jejunum by reducing plasma prostaglandin E(2) metabolite concentration and mucosal COX-2 expression. This implies it could be used for managing inflammation in such clinical conditions.
- The study also found that co-administration of lidocaine with flunixin helped in controlling the increase in neutrophil count caused by flunixin alone, suggesting the potential benefit of combining these drugs to control inflammation.
Cite This Article
APA
Cook VL, Jones Shults J, McDowell MR, Campbell NB, Davis JL, Marshall JF, Blikslager AT.
(2009).
Anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously administered lidocaine hydrochloride on ischemia-injured jejunum in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 70(10), 1259-1268.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.70.10.1259 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. vcook@cvm.msu.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / adverse effects
- Clonixin / adverse effects
- Clonixin / analogs & derivatives
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / drug effects
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Intestinal Diseases / chemically induced
- Intestinal Diseases / veterinary
- Ischemia / chemically induced
- Jejunum / drug effects
- Lidocaine / therapeutic use
- Male
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Grotowska M, Gozdzik W. Intraoperative intravenous infusion of lidocaine increases total and small vessel densities of sublingual microcirculation: a randomized prospective pilot study. J Int Med Res 2023 Nov;51(11):3000605231209820.
- Ruíz-López P, Cuypers C, Schauvliege S. Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study. Animals (Basel) 2023 Sep 13;13(18).
- Yau K, Halleran J, Boileau M, Foster D. Retrospective study on the use of lidocaine constant rate infusions for the treatment of ileus in ruminants and camelids. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Nov;35(6):2933-2936.
- Fielding CL. Practical Fluid Therapy and Treatment Modalities for Field Conditions for Horses and Foals with Gastrointestinal Problems. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018 Apr;34(1):155-168.
- Blikslager A, Gonzalez L. Equine Intestinal Mucosal Pathobiology. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018 Feb 15;6:157-175.
- Dholakia U, Clark-Price SC, Keating SCJ, Stern AW. Anesthetic effects and body weight changes associated with ketamine-xylazine-lidocaine administered to CD-1 mice. PLoS One 2017;12(9):e0184911.
- Vinther AM, Heegaard PM, Skovgaard K, Buhl R, Andreassen SM, Andersen PH. Characterization and differentiation of equine experimental local and early systemic inflammation by expression responses of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jun 1;12:83.
- Slone EA, Fleming SD. Membrane lipid interactions in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced Injury. Clin Immunol 2014 Jul;153(1):228-40.
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