Anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of romifidine, tramadol and their combination administered intravenously slowly in ponies.
Abstract: To evaluate the anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of slow intravenous (IV) injection of tramadol, romifidine, or a combination of both drugs in ponies. Methods: Within-subject blinded. Methods: Twenty ponies (seven male, 13 female, weighing mean ± SD 268.0 ± 128 kg). Methods: On separate occasions, each pony received one of the following three treatments IV; romifidine 50 μg kg(-) (R) tramadol 3 mg kg(-1) given over 15 minutes (T) or tramadol 3 mg kg(-1) followed by romifidine 50 μg kg(-1) (RT). Physiologic parameters and caecal borborygmi (CB) were measured and sedation and response to electrical stimulation of the coronary band assessed before and up to 120 minutes following drugs administration. Results were analyzed using the Friedman's test and 2 way anova as relevant. Results: When compared to baseline, heart (HR, beats minute(-1) ) and respiratory rates (fR , breaths minute(-1) ) increased with treatment T (highest mean ± SD, HR 43 ± 1; fR 33 ± 2) and decreased with R (lowest HR 29 ± 1 and fR 10 ± 4) and RT (lowest HR 32 ± 1 and fR 9 ± 3). There were no changes in other measured physiological variables. The height of head from the ground was lower following treatments R and TR than T. There was slight ataxia with all three treatments. No excitatory behavioural effects were observed. The response to electrical stimulation was reduced for a prolonged period relative to baseline following all three treatments, the effect being significantly greatest with treatment RT. Conclusions: Tramadol combined with romifidine at the stated doses proved an effective sedative and anti-nociceptive combination in ponies, with no unacceptable behavioural or physiologic side effects. Conclusions: Slow controlled administration of tramadol should reduce the occurrence of adverse behavioural side effects.
© 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.
Publication Date: 2014-07-21 PubMed ID: 25039663DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12210Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The researchers conducted a study that sought to examine the pain-relieving and calming effects of slow intravenous administration of two drugs, tramadol and romifidine, and their combined use, on ponies.
Study Design
- Researchers conducted an within-subject blinded experiment on 20 ponies, which included both males and females and had a mean weight of 268.0 ± 128 kg.
- The ponies were administered either of the three treatments intravenously; romifidine(50 μg/kg), tramadol(3 mg/kg) given over 15 minutes, and a combination of tramadol followed by romifidine. These treatments were given in separate occasions to each pony.
- Physiological measures and caecal borborygmi (gut sounds) were observed, and the ponies’ sedation levels and responses to coronary band electrical stimulation were assessed before and up to two hours post-administration of the medication. The data was analyzed using the Friedman’s test and two-way ANOVA
Results
- The study found that treatment with tramadol led to an increase in heart and respiratory rates, whereas rates decreased with romifidine and the combination treatment.
- The physical impact of the treatment was seen in the head height from the ground which was noticed to be lower following romifidine and the combination treatment than with tramadol.
- All three treatments induced minor ataxia, or loss of control of body movements, but no excitatory behavioral effects were noticed.
- The response to electrical stimulation was reduced for an extended time relative to the baseline following all three treatments, with the combination treatment having the most significant effect.
Conclusions
- In conclusion, the combination of tramadol and romifidine at the specified doses was effective as a sedative and pain reliever in ponies.
- The researchers noted that there were no unacceptable behavioral or physiological side effects from the given treatments.
- The controlled, slow administration of tramadol was suggested to reduce the occurrence of adverse behavioral side effects.
Cite This Article
APA
Costa GL, Cristarella S, Quartuccio M, Interlandi C.
(2014).
Anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of romifidine, tramadol and their combination administered intravenously slowly in ponies.
Vet Anaesth Analg, 42(2), 220-225.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12210 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Analgesics / administration & dosage
- Animals
- Conscious Sedation / methods
- Conscious Sedation / veterinary
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Horses
- Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage
- Imidazoles / administration & dosage
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Male
- Tramadol / administration & dosage
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Ignacio C, Del Mar LM, Marta B, Sina Z, Vicent R, Aloma MF. Comparison of two sedation protocols for long electroretinography in horses using the Koijman electrode.. BMC Vet Res 2023 Aug 4;19(1):106.
- Costa GL, Leonardi F, Interlandi C, Licata P, Lizarraga I, Macrì F, Macrì D, Ferrantelli V, Spadola F. Tramadol Administered Intravenously Either as a Bolus or a Slow Injection in Pain Management of Romifidine-Sedated Calves Undergoing Umbilical Hernia Repair.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Mar 24;13(7).
- Costa GL, Di Pietro S, Interlandi C, Leonardi F, Macrì D, Ferrantelli V, Macrì F. Effect on physiological parameters and anaesthetic dose requirement of isoflurane when tramadol given as a continuous rate infusion vs a single intravenous bolus injection during ovariohysterectomy in dogs.. PLoS One 2023;18(2):e0281602.
- Spadola F, Neve VC, Interlandi CD, Spadaro A, Macrì F, Iannelli NM, Costa GL. Hernioplasty with Peritoneal Flap for the Surgical Treatment of Umbilical Hernia in Swine.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 22;12(23).
- Spadola F, Neve VC, Costa GL, Musicò M, Spadaro A, Antoci F, Cavallo O, Cascone G. Surgical approach and etiopathogenetic considerations to the umbilical tumefactions in cattle: Case review in twenty years (2000/2020).. Vet Anim Sci 2022 Sep;17:100258.
- Cicirelli V, Aiudi GG, Mrenoshki D, Lacalandra GM. Fentanyl patch versus tramadol for the control of postoperative pain in canine ovariectomy and mastectomy.. Vet Med Sci 2022 Mar;8(2):469-475.
- Interlandi C, Leonardi F, Spadola F, Costa GL. Evaluation of the paw withdrawal latency for the comparison between tramadol and butorphanol administered locally, in the plantar surface of rat, preliminary study.. PLoS One 2021;16(7):e0254497.
- de Oliveira AR, Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK, Schauvliege S, Fonseca MW, Esteves Trindade PH, Prospero Puoli Filho JN, Luna SPL. Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses.. PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0251909.
- Khalil AH, Abd Al-Galil AS, Sabek AA, Zeineldin MM, Abo-Kora SY. Sedative, analgesic, behavioral and clinical effects of intravenous nalbuphine-xylazine combination in camels (Camelus dromedarius).. J Vet Sci 2019 Sep;20(5):e55.
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