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Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2006; 112(3-4); 225-233; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.007

Antibody and IFN-gamma responses induced by a recombinant canarypox vaccine and challenge infection with equine influenza virus.

Abstract: In horses, equine influenza virus (EIV) is a leading cause of respiratory disease. Conventional inactivated vaccines induce a short-lived immune response. By comparison, natural infection confers a long-term immunity to re-infection. An aim of new equine influenza vaccines is to more closely mimic natural infection in order to achieve a better quality of immunity. A new live recombinant vaccine derived from the canarypox virus vector and expressing haemagglutinin genes of EIV (subtype H3N8) has been developed. Stimulation of the immune system was studied after immunisation with this canarypox-based vaccine and challenge infection by exposure to a nebulised aerosol of EIV. The humoral immune response was evaluated by measuring serum antibody levels using the single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay. The cellular immune response was assessed by the measurement of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Clinical signs of the disease (temperature, coughing, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, depression and anorexia) and virus excretion were monitored after challenge infection. Clinical signs and virus shedding were significantly reduced in vaccinates compared with unvaccinated controls. EIV-specific immunity was stimulated by vaccination with a recombinant vaccine as serological responses were detected after immunisation. This study also provided the first evidence for increased IFN-gamma protein synthesis in vaccinated ponies following challenge infection with EIV compared with control ponies.
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Publication Date: 2006-04-18 PubMed ID: 16621023DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.007Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the efficacy of a new recombinant vaccine, derived from the canarypox virus, which is designed to stimulate immunity against equine influenza virus (EIV). It provides evidence that the vaccine not only stimulates a serological response but also trigger increased synthesis of Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) protein after exposure to EIV.

Objective and Background

  • The prime objective of this study was to develop a vaccine that can mimic the natural infection of the equine influenza virus (EIV) to induce a lasting and quality immunity in horses. EIV is a principal source of respiratory disease in horses and conventional vaccines only induce a short-term immune response.
  • To achieve this, researches developed a novel live recombinant vaccine, derived from canarypox virus and expressing haemagglutinin genes of EIV.

Methodology

  • The immune response of the system was studied post-immunisation with this new canarypox-based vaccine and challenge infection, which was introduced through exposure to an aerosol of EIV.
  • The humoral immune response was measured through serum antibody levels using the single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay.
  • The cellular immune response was gauged by the production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
  • Researchers also monitored the clinical signs of the disease such as temperature, coughing, nasal discharge, shortness of breath, depression, and loss of appetite along with the excretion of the virus after the challenge infection.

Results

  • The results demonstrated that the clinical symptoms and the virus shedding were significantly lower in the vaccinated group as compared to the non-vaccinated controls.
  • Moreover, the study found that EIV-specific immunity was activated by the vaccination with the recombinant vaccine because serological responses were observed post-immunisation.
  • The study also presented the first evidence of increased IFN-gamma protein synthesis in vaccinated horses post-challenge infection with EIV in comparison to the control group.

Conclusion

  • In conclusion, the newly developed recombinant vaccine is effective in stimulating an immune response and reducing the severity of EIV infection symptoms in horses.
  • The increased synthesis of IFN-gamma protein points towards a more potent and long-term immune response, mimicking natural infection.

Cite This Article

APA
Paillot R, Kydd JH, Sindle T, Hannant D, Edlund Toulemonde C, Audonnet JC, Minke JM, Daly JM. (2006). Antibody and IFN-gamma responses induced by a recombinant canarypox vaccine and challenge infection with equine influenza virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 112(3-4), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.007

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 0165-2427
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 112
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 225-233

Researcher Affiliations

Paillot, R
  • Animal Health Trust, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK. romain.paillot@aht.org.uk
Kydd, J H
    Sindle, T
      Hannant, D
        Edlund Toulemonde, C
          Audonnet, J C
            Minke, J M
              Daly, J M

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
                • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                • Body Temperature / immunology
                • Canarypox virus / genetics
                • Canarypox virus / immunology
                • Horse Diseases / immunology
                • Horse Diseases / virology
                • Horses
                • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
                • Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
                • Interferon-gamma / blood
                • Interferon-gamma / immunology
                • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
                • Vaccination / veterinary
                • Vaccines, Synthetic / genetics
                • Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
                • Vaccines, Synthetic / therapeutic use
                • Viral Vaccines / genetics
                • Viral Vaccines / immunology
                • Viral Vaccines / therapeutic use

                Citations

                This article has been cited 20 times.
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