Antibody and Viral Nucleic Acid Testing of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosis of Eastern Equine Encephalitis.
Abstract: Eastern equine encephalitis diagnostic serum antibody can appear 6 days after the onset of symptoms, and its numbers can increase 4-fold in 4 days, arguing for early and frequent serum testing. In populations where cerebrospinal fluid viral nucleic acid testing sensitivity and specificity remain undetermined, cerebrospinal antibody testing should also be performed.
Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Publication Date: 2015-06-10 PubMed ID: 26063852PubMed Central: PMC4508444DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00647-15Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article is about how the diagnosis of Eastern Equine Encephalitis can be improved through early and frequent testing of serum antibodies and by testing cerebrospinal antibodies if cerebrospinal fluid viral nucleic acid testing is uncertain.
Introduction
- Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a rare but severe mosquito-borne virus.
- The article focuses on bettering the diagnostic techniques for EEE, mainly through the use of serum and cerebrospinal fluid testing.
Understanding the Timeframe of Antibody Appearance
- One of the main findings of the research is that the diagnostic serum antibody, which helps in diagnosing EEE, can appear as early as 6 days after the onset of symptoms.
- This insight can influence the timing of diagnostic tests, suggesting that testing should be performed early and frequently after the identification of initial symptoms.
- The research also found that the number of these antibodies can increase 4-fold in just 4 days, further emphasizing the need for frequent testing.
The Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Testing
- Another significant aspect of the research revolves around the use of cerebrospinal fluid for EEE diagnosis.
- The researchers argue that in populations where the sensitivity and specificity of viral nucleic acid testing in cerebrospinal fluid remain uncertain, antibody testing within this fluid should be performed as part of the assessment.
- This method would provide a more comprehensive approach to establishing the presence of the EEE virus and would be particularly helpful in cases where other testing methods are inconclusive.
Implications for Future Research
- The findings have significant implications for the future handling of suspected EEE cases.
- By adjusting the testing protocol to account for the timing of serum antibody appearance and the potential utility of cerebrospinal fluid testing, healthcare providers may be able to diagnose EEE more reliably and expediently.
- Future research is needed to more accurately determine the sensitivity and specificity of viral nucleic acid testing in cerebrospinal fluid for a broad range of populations and to further confirm the findings regarding the timeframe of antibody appearance.
Cite This Article
APA
Sherwood JA, Brittain DC, Howard JJ, Oliver J.
(2015).
Antibody and Viral Nucleic Acid Testing of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosis of Eastern Equine Encephalitis.
J Clin Microbiol, 53(8), 2768-2772.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00647-15 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Health of the State of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA james.sherwood@health.ny.gov.
- Department of Health of the State of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA.
- Department of Health of the State of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA.
- Department of Health of the State of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / cerebrospinal fluid
- Cerebrospinal Fluid / immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine / diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine / pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Viral / blood
- RNA, Viral / cerebrospinal fluid
- Serum / immunology
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Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Montalvo M, Ayoub D, McGary M, Byrd K, Mahmoud L, Mermel L, Thompson B, Wendell L. Eastern Equine Encephalitis: Case Series in Southern New England and Review of the Literature.. Neurol Clin Pract 2021 Oct;11(5):e714-e721.
- Piantadosi A, Kanjilal S. Diagnostic Approach for Arboviral Infections in the United States.. J Clin Microbiol 2020 Nov 18;58(12).
- Oliver J, Tan Y, Haight JD, Tober KJ, Gall WK, Zink SD, Kramer LD, Campbell SR, Howard JJ, Das SR, Sherwood JA. Spatial and temporal expansions of Eastern equine encephalitis virus and phylogenetic groups isolated from mosquitoes and mammalian cases in New York State from 2013 to 2019.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):1638-1650.
- Sherwood JA, Stehman SV, Howard JJ, Oliver J. Cases of Eastern equine encephalitis in humans associated with Aedes canadensis, Coquillettidia perturbans and Culiseta melanura mosquitoes with the virus in New York State from 1971 to 2012 by analysis of aggregated published data.. Epidemiol Infect 2020 Apr 1;148:e72.
- Pouch SM, Katugaha SB, Shieh WJ, Annambhotla P, Walker WL, Basavaraju SV, Jones J, Huynh T, Reagan-Steiner S, Bhatnagar J, Grimm K, Stramer SL, Gabel J, Lyon GM, Mehta AK, Kandiah P, Neujahr DC, Javidfar J, Subramanian RM, Parekh SM, Shah P, Cooper L, Psotka MA, Radcliffe R, Williams C, Zaki SR, Staples JE, Fischer M, Panella AJ, Lanciotti RS, Laven JJ, Kosoy O, Rabe IB, Gould CV. Transmission of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus From an Organ Donor to 3 Transplant Recipients.. Clin Infect Dis 2019 Jul 18;69(3):450-458.
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