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The Journal of biological chemistry1984; 259(16); 10539-10544;

Antigenic variation during persistent infection by equine infectious anemia virus, a retrovirus.

Abstract: The recurrent nature of equine infectious anemia has been attributed to relatively rapid antigenic variations in equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) during persistent infection under selective immune pressures. This model was tested by serological and biochemical analysis of virus isolates recovered from separate febrile episodes in two experimentally infected ponies. Neutralization assays employing immune sera from the experimentally infected ponies demonstrated that distinct antigenic strains of virus predominate during sequential febrile episodes in a single pony. Analysis of the test strains of EIAV by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed varying electrophoretic mobilities for the respective virion glycoproteins gp90 and gp45. Furthermore, peptide mapping comparisons demonstrated structural variations between the gp90 components of the various strains. In contrast, the respective internal proteins of the virus strains displayed identical electrophoretic mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and, in general, produced identical tryptic peptide maps. The observed differences in glycoprotein electrophoretic mobility and peptide maps were highly reproducible and did not vary with repeated passage of the virus strains in cell culture. Thus, these results demonstrate the occurrence of glycoprotein-specific structural variations during persistent infection by EIAV and support the concept of antigenic variation in this retrovirus. This capacity to alter envelope glycoprotein structure, previously reported for visna virus, may represent an important mechanism of retrovirus persistence in the presence of immune responses by the animal host.
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Publication Date: 1984-08-25 PubMed ID: 6206055
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  • U.S. Gov't
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a horse-disease causing retrovirus, undergoes antigenic changes during a persistent infection, aiding its survival against the host’s immune responses.

Study Details and Methodology

In order to understand the virus better, experiments were performed on two ponies that were infected with EIAV. Both biochemical and serological testing methods were used to analyze the virus samples that were obtained from these ponies. The samples were collected during different febrile episodes in the ponies to examine if there were significant antigenic variations occurring over time in a single host.

  • Serological testing was done by performing neutralization assays using immune sera from the infected ponies. The aim was to check if different antigenic strains prevailed in sequential febrile phases within one pony.
  • Simultaneously, the EIAV samples were analyzed biochemically via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The goal was to determine differences in the electrophoretic movement of specific viral glycoproteins, gp90 and gp45.
  • Peptide mapping comparisons were also made to indicate structural variations between the gp90 components of various virus strains.

Results

The analysis of the virus strains through neutralization assays and electrophoresis highlighted variable characteristics in distinct antigenic strains within one pony. In regards to the respective virion glycoproteins gp90 and gp45, different electrophoretic mobilities were observed. Moreover, peptide mapping demonstrated the existence of structural differences among the gp90 components across various strains.

The internal proteins of the virus strains, however, did not display such variability. They showed identical electrophoretic mobilities and generated identical tryptic peptide maps. All these differences were noted to be highly reproducible and remained constant even with repeated growth of the virus strains in cell culture.

Conclusion

The research concludes that EIAV, during a persistent infection, demonstrates glycoprotein-specific structural variations. These observations confirm the hypothesis of antigenic variation within this retrovirus. The ability to alter envelope glycoprotein structure, which has been previously reported in viruses such as visna, could be an essential mechanism aiding their persistence against immune responses in the host body.

Cite This Article

APA
Montelaro RC, Parekh B, Orrego A, Issel CJ. (1984). Antigenic variation during persistent infection by equine infectious anemia virus, a retrovirus. J Biol Chem, 259(16), 10539-10544.

Publication

The Journal of biological chemistry
ISSN: 0021-9258
NlmUniqueID: 2985121R
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 259
Issue: 16
Pages: 10539-10544

Researcher Affiliations

Montelaro, R C
    Parekh, B
      Orrego, A
        Issel, C J

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antigens, Viral / analysis
          • Antigens, Viral / genetics
          • Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
          • Epitopes / analysis
          • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
          • Equine Infectious Anemia / microbiology
          • Genetic Variation
          • Glycoproteins / analysis
          • Horses
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
          • Peptide Fragments / analysis
          • Trypsin

          Grant Funding

          • AI-17594 / NIAID NIH HHS

          Citations

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