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Environmental science and pollution research international2018; 25(22); 21789-21800; doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2274-x

Antimicrobial resistance and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli isolated from the environment of horse riding centers.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile and the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes and to analyze the genetic diversity of Escherichia coli strains isolated from the environment of horse riding centers. The study was conducted using E. coli strains isolated from the air, manure, and horse nostril swabs in three horse riding centers differing in the system of horse keeping-stable (OJK Pegaz and KJK Szary) and free-range (SKH Nielepice). Resistance to antibiotics was determined using the disk-diffusion method, and the PCR technique was employed to detect the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, while the genetic diversity of strains was assessed by rep-PCR. A total of 200 strains were collected during the 2-year study, with the majority isolated from KJK Szary, while the smallest number was obtained from SKH Nielepice. The strains were mostly resistant to ampicillin, aztreonam, and ticarcillin. The tested strains were most frequently resistant to one or two antibiotics, with a maximum of ten antimicrobials at the same time. Two multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were detected in OJK Pegaz while in KJK Szary there were two MDR and one extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strain. The ESBL mechanism was most frequently observed in OJK Pegaz (20.31% of strains) followed by KJK Szary (15.53% of strains) and SKH Nielepice (15.15% of strains). Among the ESBL-determining genes, only blaTEM and blaCTXM-9 were detected-blaTEM was mostly found in KJK Szary (53.40% of strains), while the second detected gene-blaCTXM-9-was most frequent in SKH Nielepice (6.06% of strains). The rep-PCR genotyping showed high variation among the analyzed strains, whereas its degree differed between the studied facilities, indicating that the type of horse keeping (stable vs. free-range) affects the genetic diversity of the E. coli strains. Having regard to the fact that the tested strains of E. coli were derived from non-hospitalized horses that were not treated pharmacologically, we can assume that the observed antimicrobial resistance may be of both-natural origin, i.e., not the result of the selection pressure, and acquired, the source of which could be people present in the horse riding facilities, the remaining horses which were not included in the study, and air, as well as water, fodder, and litter of the animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that the studied horses are the source of resistant E. coli and it is reasonable to continue monitoring the changes in antimicrobial resistance in those bacteria.
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Publication Date: 2018-05-23 PubMed ID: 29796881PubMed Central: PMC6063325DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2274-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This article discusses a study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of E. coli strains isolated from various environments in horse riding centers.

Objective of the Study

  • The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance and the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes in E. coli strains found in various environments at three different horse riding centers.
  • The aim was also to analyze the genetic diversity of the E. coli strains based on the methods of horse keeping employed at the horse riding centers.

Methodology

  • E. coli strains were isolated from air, manure, and nostril swabs from horses at three different horse riding centers. These centers used different methods of horse keeping, namely stable and free-range methods.
  • The antibiotics resistance was determined using the disk-diffusion method. The PCR technique was used to detect the presence of ESBL genes, and the diversity of strains was assessed through rep-PCR.

Findings

  • A majority of the 200 strains collected during the 2-year study were isolated from one particular center, whilst the smallest number was obtained from a free-range horse-keeping center.
  • The strains were mostly resistant to ampicillin, aztreonam, and ticarcillin. The tested strains frequently showed resistance to one or two antibiotics, with a maximum of ten antimicrobials at once.
  • Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) strains were found predominantly in the stable-keeping centers.
  • The ESBL genes present in the strains varied with the type of horse-keeping method.

Implications and Conclusions

  • Genotyping showed considerable variation among the analysed strains, suggesting that the type of horse keeping affects the genetic diversity of E. coli strains.
  • The tested E. coli strains were derived from non-hospitalized horses. Therefore, it is plausible that the observed antimicrobial resistance could be of natural origin and not a result of selection pressure.
  • It is concluded that horses could be a source of resistant E. coli and thus, it is necessary to continue monitoring changes in antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria.

Cite This Article

APA
Wolny-Koładka K, Lenart-Boroń A. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli isolated from the environment of horse riding centers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 25(22), 21789-21800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2274-x

Publication

Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
NlmUniqueID: 9441769
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 25
Issue: 22
Pages: 21789-21800

Researcher Affiliations

Wolny-Koładka, Katarzyna
  • Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Mickiewicza Ave 24/28, 30-059, Cracow, Poland. katarzyna.wolny@urk.edu.pl.
Lenart-Boroń, Anna
  • Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Mickiewicza Ave 24/28, 30-059, Cracow, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial / drug effects
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial / genetics
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / drug effects
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / isolation & purification
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / genetics
  • Genetic Variation
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Manure / microbiology
  • Poland
  • beta-Lactamases / genetics

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